The rapid pace of autonomous-vehicle development is “the space race of our time,” Leonard said. Though different companies are using different technologies, there are basically two strategies in play, he said. One is the “chauffeur” approach, in which the car drives itself and humans are mainly out of the loop. The other requires a human to monitor the system and occasionally take the wheel.

Sweatman predicted that rollout will come in stages, with the pace of adoption influenced by whether early experiences are positive or negative. When automated vehicles begin to dominate the roads, infrastructure will be adapted to their capabilities, which will make roads even safer, he said.

Though safety is the main selling point of the new technology, Winsten predicted that fatalities involving self-driving cars will rise even as the number of overall road deaths falls. An important question will involve how the public reacts and whether a backlash against the technology stalls development, he said.

Data sharing will be important, the panelists said, partly through allowing firms to avoid repeating one another’s mistakes. Information gleaned not just from accidents but also from close calls can help law enforcement, regulators, insurers, and others, Hersman said.

Despite the excitement around the technology, Hersman and Winsten said fully self-driving cars aimed at consumers are still some time away.

“We’re not going to have these in our garage as a consumer anytime soon,” Hersman said.

Initial rollout will involve commercial fleets for ride-hailing companies such as Uber and Lyft, the panelists said, or will be in controlled environments, such as campus shuttle services.

The group listed options for drivers looking to improve car safety today. Studies have shown that automatic braking technology, blind spot warning systems, and other features can save 10,000 lives a year. These options are available mostly on higher-end models, which led panelists to note the potential for safety gaps between rich and poor drivers.

“We don’t want safety to be just for those who can afford it,” Hersman said.