Health

Caffeine not associated with overall breast cancer risk;

2 min read

But may increase risk of certain subtypes

Ken Ishitani of Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical
School
, and Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Japan, and
colleagues report in the Oct. 13 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine that caffeine consumption does not appear to be associated with overall breast cancer risk. However, there is a possibility of increased risk for women with benign breast disease or for tumors that are hormone-receptor negative or larger than 2 centimeters.

Caffeine is probably the most commonly consumed drug worldwide, present in coffee, tea, chocolate, and some medications, according to background information in the article. It was hypothesized that caffeine may increase the risk of breast cancer after a study showed that women with noncancerous breast disease experienced relief from their symptoms after removing caffeine from their diet. 

The researchers studied 38,432 women 45 years or older who provided dietary information in 1992-1995. Over an average of 10 years of follow-up, 1,188 of the women developed invasive breast cancer. “Consumption of caffeine and caffeinated beverages and foods was not statistically significantly associated with overall risk of breast cancer,” the authors write. Among women with benign breast disease, a nonsignificant positive association with breast cancer risk was observed for those in the highest quintile (one-fifth) of caffeine consumption and a significant association was observed for those in the highest category of coffee consumption (four cups or more daily).

Consuming caffeine was also associated with a 68 percent increased risk of estrogen receptor-negative and progesterone receptor-negative breast cancer, or tumors to which the hormones estrogen and progesterone do not bind, and a 79 percent increased risk for breast tumors larger than 2 centimeters.

 “The mechanisms by which caffeine may affect breast carcinogenesis are complex and remain unclear,” the authors write. “In the present investigation, caffeine consumption was associated with increased risk of breast cancers negative for both estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors or larger than 2 centimeters, which have less favorable prognoses. These findings indicate that caffeine consumption may affect breast cancer progression, and such an effect may be independent of the estrogen pathway.” Further study is required to better understand caffeine’s role, they note.