{"id":99684,"date":"2012-01-13T12:25:43","date_gmt":"2012-01-13T17:25:43","guid":{"rendered":"\/gazette\/?p=99684"},"modified":"2019-04-09T15:15:35","modified_gmt":"2019-04-09T19:15:35","slug":"india-sees-gains-from-gender-quota","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2012\/01\/india-sees-gains-from-gender-quota\/","title":{"rendered":"India sees gains from gender quota"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\t
\"\"

The authors of the study conclude that girls raised in villages with a female leader were more likely to score higher in school exams than girls from other villages, while test scores for boys remained roughly the same.<\/p>

iStock<\/p><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\t

\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tNation & World\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t

\n\t\tIndia sees gains from gender quota\t<\/h1>\n\n\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\tDoug Gavel\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t

\n\t\t\tHarvard Kennedy School Communications\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/address>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t

\n\t\t\tKennedy School researcher finds big boost in achievement for girls\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\n<\/header>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\t\t

The use of gender quotas to achieve equal opportunity is a controversial political strategy, but one that seems to be achieving positive results in India.\u00a0 A new research paper co-authored by Harvard Kennedy School<\/a> Professor Rohini Pande finds that the system designating female leaders for selected village councils in India has resulted in substantive gains for girls in those villages \u2014 both in terms of aspirations and educational outcomes.<\/p>\n

“Female Leadership Raises Aspirations and Educational Attainment for Girls: A Policy Experiment in India”<\/a> is published in the Jan. 12 issue of the journal Science<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In their research the authors analyzed data gleaned from more than 8,000 surveys of adolescents and their parents in almost 500 villages, a third of which were randomly selected to reserve a seat for a female leader, called a \u201cPradhan,\u201d\u00a0on the village council.\u00a0 The data showed that \u201ccompared to villages that were never reserved, the gender gap in aspirations closed by 25 percent in parents and 32 percent in adolescents in villages assigned to a female leader for two election cycles.\u201d<\/p>\n

The authors also conclude that girls raised in villages with a female Pradhan were more likely to score higher in school exams than girls from other villages, while test scores for boys remained roughly the same.<\/p>\n

“These results show that laws can help create role models by opening opportunities that were previously unavailable to a group, and this increased opportunity does not diminish the aspirations of those outside the group,” the authors argue. “Our study shows that, in the Indian context, the positive effect of exposure to a female leader dominated any possible backlash, probably because it gave women a chance to demonstrate that they are capable leaders. And, perhaps most importantly, our study establishes that the role model effect reaches beyond the realm of aspirations into the concrete, with real educational and time-use impacts.”<\/p>\n

The study is co-authored by Lori Beaman, Department of Economics, Northwestern University<\/a>; Esther Duflo, Department of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology<\/a>; and Petia Topalova, International Monetary Fund<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A new research paper co-authored by Harvard Kennedy School Professor Rohini Pande finds that the system designating female leaders for selected village councils in India has resulted in substantive gains for girls in those villages \u2014 both in terms of aspirations and educational outcomes. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":105622744,"featured_media":99707,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"gz_ga_pageviews":13,"gz_ga_lastupdated":"2017-04-24 15:39","document_color_palette":"crimson","author":"Doug Gavel","affiliation":"Harvard Kennedy School 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authors of the study conclude that girls raised in villages with a female leader were more likely to score higher in school exams than girls from other villages, while test scores for boys remained roughly the same.<\/p><p class=\"wp-element-caption--credit\">iStock<\/p><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","innerContent":["<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" height=\"403\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/gender_girl-in-india-classroom.jpg\" width=\"605\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><p class=\"wp-element-caption--caption\">The authors of the study conclude that girls raised in villages with a female leader were more likely to score higher in school exams than girls from other villages, while test scores for boys remained roughly the same.<\/p><p class=\"wp-element-caption--credit\">iStock<\/p><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"],"rendered":"<header\n\tclass=\"wp-block-harvard-gazette-article-header alignfull article-header is-style-full-width-text-below centered-image\"\n\tstyle=\" \"\n>\n\t<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" height=\"403\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/gender_girl-in-india-classroom.jpg\" width=\"605\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><p class=\"wp-element-caption--caption\">The authors of the study conclude that girls raised in villages with a female leader were more likely to score higher in school exams than girls from other villages, while test scores for boys remained roughly the same.<\/p><p class=\"wp-element-caption--credit\">iStock<\/p><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\t<div class=\"article-header__content\">\n\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\tclass=\"article-header__category\"\n\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/nation-world\/\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\tNation & World\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<h1 class=\"article-header__title wp-block-heading \">\n\t\tIndia sees gains from gender quota\t<\/h1>\n\n\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<div class=\"article-header__meta\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-post-author\">\n\t\t\t<address class=\"wp-block-post-author__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"author wp-block-post-author__name\">\n\t\tDoug Gavel\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-post-author__byline\">\n\t\t\tHarvard Kennedy School Communications\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/address>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<time class=\"article-header__date\" datetime=\"2012-01-13\">\n\t\t\tJanuary 13, 2012\t\t<\/time>\n\n\t\t<span class=\"article-header__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t2 min read\t\t<\/span>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"article-header__subheading wp-block-heading\">\n\t\t\tKennedy School researcher finds big boost in achievement for girls\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\n<\/header>\n"},"2":{"blockName":"core\/group","attrs":{"templateLock":false,"metadata":{"name":"Article content"},"align":"wide","layout":{"type":"constrained","justifyContent":"center"},"tagName":"div","lock":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","ariaLabel":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[{"blockName":"core\/freeform","attrs":{"content":"","lock":[],"metadata":[]},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n\t\t<p>The use of gender quotas to achieve equal opportunity is a controversial political strategy, but one that seems to be achieving positive results in India.\u00a0 A new research paper co-authored by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hks.harvard.edu\/\">Harvard Kennedy School<\/a> Professor Rohini Pande finds that the system designating female leaders for selected village councils in India has resulted in substantive gains for girls in those villages \u2014 both in terms of aspirations and educational outcomes.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/early\/recent\">\"Female Leadership Raises Aspirations and Educational Attainment for Girls: A Policy Experiment in India\"<\/a> is published in the Jan. 12 issue of the journal <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/\">Science<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In their research the authors analyzed data gleaned from more than 8,000 surveys of adolescents and their parents in almost 500 villages, a third of which were randomly selected to reserve a seat for a female leader, called a \u201cPradhan,\u201d\u00a0on the village council.\u00a0 The data showed that \u201ccompared to villages that were never reserved, the gender gap in aspirations closed by 25 percent in parents and 32 percent in adolescents in villages assigned to a female leader for two election cycles.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The authors also conclude that girls raised in villages with a female Pradhan were more likely to score higher in school exams than girls from other villages, while test scores for boys remained roughly the same.<\/p>\n<p>\"These results show that laws can help create role models by opening opportunities that were previously unavailable to a group, and this increased opportunity does not diminish the aspirations of those outside the group,\" the authors argue. \"Our study shows that, in the Indian context, the positive effect of exposure to a female leader dominated any possible backlash, probably because it gave women a chance to demonstrate that they are capable leaders. And, perhaps most importantly, our study establishes that the role model effect reaches beyond the realm of aspirations into the concrete, with real educational and time-use impacts.\"<\/p>\n<p>The study is co-authored by Lori Beaman, Department of Economics, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.northwestern.edu\/\">Northwestern University<\/a>; Esther Duflo, Department of Economics, <a href=\"http:\/\/web.mit.edu\/\">Massachusetts Institute of Technology<\/a>; and Petia Topalova, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/index.htm\">International Monetary Fund<\/a>.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n\t\t<p>The use of gender quotas to achieve equal opportunity is a controversial political strategy, but one that seems to be achieving positive results in India.\u00a0 A new research paper co-authored by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hks.harvard.edu\/\">Harvard Kennedy School<\/a> Professor Rohini Pande finds that the system designating female leaders for selected village councils in India has resulted in substantive gains for girls in those villages \u2014 both in terms of aspirations and educational outcomes.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/early\/recent\">\"Female Leadership Raises Aspirations and Educational Attainment for Girls: A Policy Experiment in India\"<\/a> is published in the Jan. 12 issue of the journal <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/\">Science<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In their research the authors analyzed data gleaned from more than 8,000 surveys of adolescents and their parents in almost 500 villages, a third of which were randomly selected to reserve a seat for a female leader, called a \u201cPradhan,\u201d\u00a0on the village council.\u00a0 The data showed that \u201ccompared to villages that were never reserved, the gender gap in aspirations closed by 25 percent in parents and 32 percent in adolescents in villages assigned to a female leader for two election cycles.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The authors also conclude that girls raised in villages with a female Pradhan were more likely to score higher in school exams than girls from other villages, while test scores for boys remained roughly the same.<\/p>\n<p>\"These results show that laws can help create role models by opening opportunities that were previously unavailable to a group, and this increased opportunity does not diminish the aspirations of those outside the group,\" the authors argue. \"Our study shows that, in the Indian context, the positive effect of exposure to a female leader dominated any possible backlash, probably because it gave women a chance to demonstrate that they are capable leaders. And, perhaps most importantly, our study establishes that the role model effect reaches beyond the realm of aspirations into the concrete, with real educational and time-use impacts.\"<\/p>\n<p>The study is co-authored by Lori Beaman, Department of Economics, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.northwestern.edu\/\">Northwestern University<\/a>; Esther Duflo, Department of Economics, <a href=\"http:\/\/web.mit.edu\/\">Massachusetts Institute of Technology<\/a>; and Petia Topalova, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/index.htm\">International Monetary Fund<\/a>.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n\t\t<p>The use of gender quotas to achieve equal opportunity is a controversial political strategy, but one that seems to be achieving positive results in India.\u00a0 A new research paper co-authored by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hks.harvard.edu\/\">Harvard Kennedy School<\/a> Professor Rohini Pande finds that the system designating female leaders for selected village councils in India has resulted in substantive gains for girls in those villages \u2014 both in terms of aspirations and educational outcomes.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/early\/recent\">\"Female Leadership Raises Aspirations and Educational Attainment for Girls: A Policy Experiment in India\"<\/a> is published in the Jan. 12 issue of the journal <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/\">Science<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In their research the authors analyzed data gleaned from more than 8,000 surveys of adolescents and their parents in almost 500 villages, a third of which were randomly selected to reserve a seat for a female leader, called a \u201cPradhan,\u201d\u00a0on the village council.\u00a0 The data showed that \u201ccompared to villages that were never reserved, the gender gap in aspirations closed by 25 percent in parents and 32 percent in adolescents in villages assigned to a female leader for two election cycles.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The authors also conclude that girls raised in villages with a female Pradhan were more likely to score higher in school exams than girls from other villages, while test scores for boys remained roughly the same.<\/p>\n<p>\"These results show that laws can help create role models by opening opportunities that were previously unavailable to a group, and this increased opportunity does not diminish the aspirations of those outside the group,\" the authors argue. \"Our study shows that, in the Indian context, the positive effect of exposure to a female leader dominated any possible backlash, probably because it gave women a chance to demonstrate that they are capable leaders. And, perhaps most importantly, our study establishes that the role model effect reaches beyond the realm of aspirations into the concrete, with real educational and time-use impacts.\"<\/p>\n<p>The study is co-authored by Lori Beaman, Department of Economics, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.northwestern.edu\/\">Northwestern University<\/a>; Esther Duflo, Department of Economics, <a href=\"http:\/\/web.mit.edu\/\">Massachusetts Institute of Technology<\/a>; and Petia Topalova, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/index.htm\">International Monetary Fund<\/a>.<\/p>\n"}],"innerHTML":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide\">\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n","innerContent":["\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide\">\n\n","\n\n<\/div>\n"],"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n\n\n\t\t<p>The use of gender quotas to achieve equal opportunity is a controversial political strategy, but one that seems to be achieving positive results in India.\u00a0 A new research paper co-authored by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hks.harvard.edu\/\">Harvard Kennedy School<\/a> Professor Rohini Pande finds that the system designating female leaders for selected village councils in India has resulted in substantive gains for girls in those villages \u2014 both in terms of aspirations and educational outcomes.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/early\/recent\">\"Female Leadership Raises Aspirations and Educational Attainment for Girls: A Policy Experiment in India\"<\/a> is published in the Jan. 12 issue of the journal <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/\">Science<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In their research the authors analyzed data gleaned from more than 8,000 surveys of adolescents and their parents in almost 500 villages, a third of which were randomly selected to reserve a seat for a female leader, called a \u201cPradhan,\u201d\u00a0on the village council.\u00a0 The data showed that \u201ccompared to villages that were never reserved, the gender gap in aspirations closed by 25 percent in parents and 32 percent in adolescents in villages assigned to a female leader for two election cycles.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The authors also conclude that girls raised in villages with a female Pradhan were more likely to score higher in school exams than girls from other villages, while test scores for boys remained roughly the same.<\/p>\n<p>\"These results show that laws can help create role models by opening opportunities that were previously unavailable to a group, and this increased opportunity does not diminish the aspirations of those outside the group,\" the authors argue. \"Our study shows that, in the Indian context, the positive effect of exposure to a female leader dominated any possible backlash, probably because it gave women a chance to demonstrate that they are capable leaders. And, perhaps most importantly, our study establishes that the role model effect reaches beyond the realm of aspirations into the concrete, with real educational and time-use impacts.\"<\/p>\n<p>The study is co-authored by Lori Beaman, Department of Economics, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.northwestern.edu\/\">Northwestern University<\/a>; Esther Duflo, Department of Economics, <a href=\"http:\/\/web.mit.edu\/\">Massachusetts Institute of Technology<\/a>; and Petia Topalova, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/index.htm\">International Monetary Fund<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n"}},"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":176041,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2015\/11\/making-government-work\/","url_meta":{"origin":99684,"position":0},"title":"Making government work","author":"harvardgazette","date":"November 10, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Kennedy School initiative takes an unconventional, holistic approach to researching, designing, and implementing policy around international development.","rel":"","context":"In "Nation & World"","block_context":{"text":"Nation & World","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/nation-world\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/091715_khwaja_pande_041_605.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/091715_khwaja_pande_041_605.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/091715_khwaja_pande_041_605.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":55147,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2010\/09\/two-faculty-receive-science-of-generosity-grants\/","url_meta":{"origin":99684,"position":1},"title":"Two faculty receive Science of Generosity grants","author":"harvardgazette","date":"September 27, 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"Rohini Pande, Mohammed Kamal Professor of Public Policy at Harvard Kennedy School, and Assistant Professor of Psychology Felix Warneken have received grants of $149,000 and $150,000, respectively, from the Science of Generosity, an initiative at the University of Notre Dame.","rel":"","context":"In "Campus & Community"","block_context":{"text":"Campus & Community","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/campus-community\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":165931,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2015\/02\/support-for-seven-from-presidents-climate-fund\/","url_meta":{"origin":99684,"position":2},"title":"Support for seven from president\u2019s climate fund","author":"harvardgazette","date":"February 11, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Seven research projects aimed at confronting the challenge of climate change using the levers of law, policy, and economics, as well as public health and science, have been awarded grants in the inaugural year of President Drew Faust\u2019s Climate Change Solutions Fund.","rel":"","context":"In "Science & Tech"","block_context":{"text":"Science & Tech","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/science-technology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/river_climategrants_605.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/river_climategrants_605.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/river_climategrants_605.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":111021,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2012\/06\/a-boost-to-international-learning\/","url_meta":{"origin":99684,"position":3},"title":"A boost to international learning","author":"harvardgazette","date":"June 7, 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"Eight faculty led programs designed to give students international experience have received grants from the President\u2019s Innovation Fund for International Experiences.","rel":"","context":"In "Campus & Community"","block_context":{"text":"Campus & Community","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/campus-community\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/international_grants_lp1_605main.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/international_grants_lp1_605main.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/international_grants_lp1_605main.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":250333,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2018\/09\/harvard-faculty-plan-study-abroad-programs\/","url_meta":{"origin":99684,"position":4},"title":"A world of potential","author":"harvardgazette","date":"September 11, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Harvard faculty members have traveled the world lately, making exploratory trips that will enable students\u2019 own global adventures in the years to come.","rel":"","context":"In "Campus & Community"","block_context":{"text":"Campus & Community","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/campus-community\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Valparaiso16_25001.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Valparaiso16_25001.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Valparaiso16_25001.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Valparaiso16_25001.jpg?resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":155050,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2014\/04\/when-leaning-in-is-right-move\/","url_meta":{"origin":99684,"position":5},"title":"When leaning in is the right move","author":"harvardgazette","date":"April 16, 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"Harvard Kennedy School (HKS) senior lecturer Hannah Riley Bowles discusses her research on the role gender plays in negotiations and offers advice for women trying to negotiate higher pay.","rel":"","context":"In "Nation & World"","block_context":{"text":"Nation & World","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/nation-world\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/hannahrileybowles_605.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/hannahrileybowles_605.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/hannahrileybowles_605.jpg?resize=525%2C300 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