{"id":51608,"date":"2010-08-12T14:00:08","date_gmt":"2010-08-12T18:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"\/gazette\/?p=51608"},"modified":"2010-08-12T14:00:08","modified_gmt":"2010-08-12T18:00:08","slug":"delicate-touch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2010\/08\/delicate-touch\/","title":{"rendered":"Delicate touch"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\t\n\t
\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tScience & Tech\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t

\n\t\tDelicate touch\t<\/h1>\n\n\t\n\t\n\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\tSteve Bradt\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t

\n\t\t\tHarvard Staff Writer\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/address>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t

\n\t\t\tNew nanoscale transistors allow sensitive probing inside cells\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\n<\/header>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\t\t

Chemists and engineers at Harvard University<\/a> have fashioned nanowires<\/a> into a new type of V-shaped transistor small enough to be used for sensitive probing of the interior of cells.<\/p>\n

The new device, described this week in the journal Science<\/a>, is smaller than many viruses and about one-hundredth the width of the probes now used to take cellular measurements, which can be nearly as large as the cells themselves. Its slenderness is a marked improvement over these bulkier probes, which can damage cells upon insertion, reducing the accuracy or reliability of any data gained.<\/p>\n

\u201cOur use of these nanoscale field-effect transistors, or nanoFETs, represents the first totally new approach to intracellular studies in decades, as well as the first measurement of the inside of a cell with a semiconductor device,\u201d says senior author Charles M. Lieber<\/a>, the Mark Hyman Jr. Professor of Chemistry at Harvard. \u201cThe nanoFETs are the first new electrical measurement tool for intracellular studies since the 1960s, during which time electronics have advanced considerably.\u201d<\/p>\n

Lieber and colleagues say nanoFETs could be used to measure ion flux or electrical signals in cells, particularly neurons. The devices could also be fitted with receptors or ligands to probe for the presence of individual biochemicals within a cell.<\/p>\n

Human cells can range in size from about 10 microns (millionths of a meter) for nerve cells to 50 microns for cardiac cells. While current probes measure up to 5 microns in diameter, nanoFETs are several orders of magnitude smaller: less than 50 nanometers (billionths of a meter) in total size, with the nanowire probe itself measuring just 15 nanometers in diameter.<\/p>\n

Aside from their small size, two features allow for easy insertion of nanoFETs into cells. First, Lieber and colleagues found that by coating the structures with a phospholipid bilayer \u2014 the same material cell membranes are made of \u2014 the devices are easily pulled into a cell via membrane fusion, a process related to that used to engulf viruses and bacteria.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis eliminates the need to push the nanoFETs into a cell, since they are essentially fused with the cell membrane by the cell\u2019s own machinery,\u201d Lieber says. \u201cThis also means insertion of nanoFETs is not nearly as traumatic to the cell as current electrical probes. We found that nanoFETs can be inserted and removed from a cell multiple times without any discernible damage to the cell. We can even use them to measure continuously as the device enters and exits the cell.\u201d<\/p>\n

Secondly, the current paper builds upon previous work by Lieber\u2019s group to introduce triangular \u201cstereocenters\u201d \u2014 essentially, fixed 120-degree joints \u2014 into nanowires, structures that had previously been rigidly linear. These stereocenters, analogous to the chemical hubs found in many complex organic molecules, introduce kinks into 1-D nanostructures, transforming them into more complex forms.<\/p>\n

Lieber and his co-authors found that introducing two 120-degree angles into a nanowire in the proper cis <\/em>orientation creates a single V-shaped 60-degree angle, perfect for a two-pronged nanoFET with a sensor at the tip of the V. The two arms can then be connected to wires to create a current through the nanoscale transistor.<\/p>\n

Lieber\u2019s co-authors on the Science <\/em>paper are Bozhi Tian, Tzahi Cohen-Karni, Quan Qing, Xiaojie Duan, and Ping Xie, all of Harvard\u2019s Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. The work was sponsored by the National Institutes of Health<\/a> and the McKnight Endowment Fund for Neuroscience<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chemists and engineers at Harvard University have fashioned nanowires into a new type of V-shaped transistor small enough to be used for sensitive probing of the interior of cells.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":105622744,"featured_media":51641,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"gz_ga_pageviews":18,"gz_ga_lastupdated":"2022-01-31 23:23","document_color_palette":null,"author":"Steve Bradt","affiliation":"Harvard Staff Writer","_category_override":"","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1387],"tags":[7446,7479,7781,7890,7891,12363,18226,23352,24885,24896,24914,25101,30642,34259,35333],"gazette-formats":[],"series":[],"class_list":["post-51608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-technology","tag-cell-interiors","tag-cellular-measurements","tag-charles-m-lieber","tag-chemist","tag-chemistry","tag-engineer","tag-ion-flux","tag-mcknight-endowment-fund-for-neuroscience","tag-nanofets","tag-nanoscale-field-effect-transistors","tag-nanowires","tag-national-institutes-of-health","tag-science","tag-transistor","tag-virus"],"yoast_head":"\nDelicate touch — Harvard Gazette<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Chemists and engineers at Harvard University have fashioned nanowires into a new type of V-shaped transistor small enough to be used for sensitive probing of the interior of cells.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2010\/08\/delicate-touch\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Delicate touch — Harvard Gazette\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chemists and engineers at Harvard University have fashioned nanowires into a new type of V-shaped transistor small enough to be used for sensitive probing of the interior of cells.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2010\/08\/delicate-touch\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Harvard Gazette\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2010-08-12T18:00:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/08\/image1_bionanoprobes_lieber1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"605\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"403\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"harvardgazette\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2010\/08\/delicate-touch\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2010\/08\/delicate-touch\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"harvardgazette\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/#\/schema\/person\/78d028cf624923e92682268709ffbc4b\"},\"headline\":\"Delicate touch\",\"datePublished\":\"2010-08-12T18:00:08+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2010\/08\/delicate-touch\/\"},\"wordCount\":568,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2010\/08\/delicate-touch\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/08\/image1_bionanoprobes_lieber1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Cell Interiors\",\"Cellular Measurements\",\"Charles M. 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class=\"wp-block-post-author\">\n\t\t\t<address class=\"wp-block-post-author__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"author wp-block-post-author__name\">\n\t\tSteve Bradt\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-post-author__byline\">\n\t\t\tHarvard Staff Writer\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/address>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<time class=\"article-header__date\" datetime=\"2010-08-12\">\n\t\t\tAugust 12, 2010\t\t<\/time>\n\n\t\t<span class=\"article-header__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t3 min read\t\t<\/span>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"article-header__subheading wp-block-heading\">\n\t\t\tNew nanoscale transistors allow sensitive probing inside cells\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\n<\/header>\n"},"2":{"blockName":"core\/group","attrs":{"templateLock":false,"metadata":{"name":"Article content"},"align":"wide","layout":{"type":"constrained","justifyContent":"center"},"tagName":"div","lock":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","ariaLabel":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[{"blockName":"core\/freeform","attrs":{"content":"","lock":[],"metadata":[]},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n\t\t<p>Chemists and engineers at <a href=\"http:\/\/harvard.edu\/\">Harvard University<\/a> have fashioned <a href=\"http:\/\/science.howstuffworks.com\/nanowire.htm\">nanowires<\/a> into a new type of V-shaped transistor small enough to be used for sensitive probing of the interior of cells.<\/p>\n<p>The new device, described this week in the journal <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/\">Science<\/a>, is smaller than many viruses and about one-hundredth the width of the probes now used to take cellular measurements, which can be nearly as large as the cells themselves. Its slenderness is a marked improvement over these bulkier probes, which can damage cells upon insertion, reducing the accuracy or reliability of any data gained.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOur use of these nanoscale field-effect transistors, or nanoFETs, represents the first totally new approach to intracellular studies in decades, as well as the first measurement of the inside of a cell with a semiconductor device,\u201d says senior author <a href=\"http:\/\/cmliris.harvard.edu\/\">Charles M. Lieber<\/a>, the Mark Hyman Jr. Professor of Chemistry at Harvard. \u201cThe nanoFETs are the first new electrical measurement tool for intracellular studies since the 1960s, during which time electronics have advanced considerably.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Lieber and colleagues say nanoFETs could be used to measure ion flux or electrical signals in cells, particularly neurons. The devices could also be fitted with receptors or ligands to probe for the presence of individual biochemicals within a cell.<\/p>\n<p>Human cells can range in size from about 10 microns (millionths of a meter) for nerve cells to 50 microns for cardiac cells. While current probes measure up to 5 microns in diameter, nanoFETs are several orders of magnitude smaller: less than 50 nanometers (billionths of a meter) in total size, with the nanowire probe itself measuring just 15 nanometers in diameter.<\/p>\n<p>Aside from their small size, two features allow for easy insertion of nanoFETs into cells. First, Lieber and colleagues found that by coating the structures with a phospholipid bilayer \u2014 the same material cell membranes are made of \u2014 the devices are easily pulled into a cell via membrane fusion, a process related to that used to engulf viruses and bacteria.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis eliminates the need to push the nanoFETs into a cell, since they are essentially fused with the cell membrane by the cell\u2019s own machinery,\u201d Lieber says. \u201cThis also means insertion of nanoFETs is not nearly as traumatic to the cell as current electrical probes. We found that nanoFETs can be inserted and removed from a cell multiple times without any discernible damage to the cell. We can even use them to measure continuously as the device enters and exits the cell.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Secondly, the current paper builds upon previous work by Lieber\u2019s group to introduce triangular \u201cstereocenters\u201d \u2014 essentially, fixed 120-degree joints \u2014 into nanowires, structures that had previously been rigidly linear. These stereocenters, analogous to the chemical hubs found in many complex organic molecules, introduce kinks into 1-D nanostructures, transforming them into more complex forms.<\/p>\n<p>Lieber and his co-authors found that introducing two 120-degree angles into a nanowire in the proper <em>cis <\/em>orientation creates a single V-shaped 60-degree angle, perfect for a two-pronged nanoFET with a sensor at the tip of the V. The two arms can then be connected to wires to create a current through the nanoscale transistor.<\/p>\n<p>Lieber\u2019s co-authors on the Science<em> <\/em>paper are Bozhi Tian, Tzahi Cohen-Karni, Quan Qing, Xiaojie Duan, and Ping Xie, all of Harvard\u2019s Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. The work was sponsored by the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nih.gov\/\">National Institutes of Health<\/a> and the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mcknight.org\/neuroscience\/\">McKnight Endowment Fund for Neuroscience<\/a>.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n\t\t<p>Chemists and engineers at <a href=\"http:\/\/harvard.edu\/\">Harvard University<\/a> have fashioned <a href=\"http:\/\/science.howstuffworks.com\/nanowire.htm\">nanowires<\/a> into a new type of V-shaped transistor small enough to be used for sensitive probing of the interior of cells.<\/p>\n<p>The new device, described this week in the journal <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/\">Science<\/a>, is smaller than many viruses and about one-hundredth the width of the probes now used to take cellular measurements, which can be nearly as large as the cells themselves. Its slenderness is a marked improvement over these bulkier probes, which can damage cells upon insertion, reducing the accuracy or reliability of any data gained.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOur use of these nanoscale field-effect transistors, or nanoFETs, represents the first totally new approach to intracellular studies in decades, as well as the first measurement of the inside of a cell with a semiconductor device,\u201d says senior author <a href=\"http:\/\/cmliris.harvard.edu\/\">Charles M. Lieber<\/a>, the Mark Hyman Jr. Professor of Chemistry at Harvard. \u201cThe nanoFETs are the first new electrical measurement tool for intracellular studies since the 1960s, during which time electronics have advanced considerably.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Lieber and colleagues say nanoFETs could be used to measure ion flux or electrical signals in cells, particularly neurons. The devices could also be fitted with receptors or ligands to probe for the presence of individual biochemicals within a cell.<\/p>\n<p>Human cells can range in size from about 10 microns (millionths of a meter) for nerve cells to 50 microns for cardiac cells. While current probes measure up to 5 microns in diameter, nanoFETs are several orders of magnitude smaller: less than 50 nanometers (billionths of a meter) in total size, with the nanowire probe itself measuring just 15 nanometers in diameter.<\/p>\n<p>Aside from their small size, two features allow for easy insertion of nanoFETs into cells. First, Lieber and colleagues found that by coating the structures with a phospholipid bilayer \u2014 the same material cell membranes are made of \u2014 the devices are easily pulled into a cell via membrane fusion, a process related to that used to engulf viruses and bacteria.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis eliminates the need to push the nanoFETs into a cell, since they are essentially fused with the cell membrane by the cell\u2019s own machinery,\u201d Lieber says. \u201cThis also means insertion of nanoFETs is not nearly as traumatic to the cell as current electrical probes. We found that nanoFETs can be inserted and removed from a cell multiple times without any discernible damage to the cell. We can even use them to measure continuously as the device enters and exits the cell.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Secondly, the current paper builds upon previous work by Lieber\u2019s group to introduce triangular \u201cstereocenters\u201d \u2014 essentially, fixed 120-degree joints \u2014 into nanowires, structures that had previously been rigidly linear. These stereocenters, analogous to the chemical hubs found in many complex organic molecules, introduce kinks into 1-D nanostructures, transforming them into more complex forms.<\/p>\n<p>Lieber and his co-authors found that introducing two 120-degree angles into a nanowire in the proper <em>cis <\/em>orientation creates a single V-shaped 60-degree angle, perfect for a two-pronged nanoFET with a sensor at the tip of the V. The two arms can then be connected to wires to create a current through the nanoscale transistor.<\/p>\n<p>Lieber\u2019s co-authors on the Science<em> <\/em>paper are Bozhi Tian, Tzahi Cohen-Karni, Quan Qing, Xiaojie Duan, and Ping Xie, all of Harvard\u2019s Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. The work was sponsored by the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nih.gov\/\">National Institutes of Health<\/a> and the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mcknight.org\/neuroscience\/\">McKnight Endowment Fund for Neuroscience<\/a>.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n\t\t<p>Chemists and engineers at <a href=\"http:\/\/harvard.edu\/\">Harvard University<\/a> have fashioned <a href=\"http:\/\/science.howstuffworks.com\/nanowire.htm\">nanowires<\/a> into a new type of V-shaped transistor small enough to be used for sensitive probing of the interior of cells.<\/p>\n<p>The new device, described this week in the journal <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/\">Science<\/a>, is smaller than many viruses and about one-hundredth the width of the probes now used to take cellular measurements, which can be nearly as large as the cells themselves. Its slenderness is a marked improvement over these bulkier probes, which can damage cells upon insertion, reducing the accuracy or reliability of any data gained.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOur use of these nanoscale field-effect transistors, or nanoFETs, represents the first totally new approach to intracellular studies in decades, as well as the first measurement of the inside of a cell with a semiconductor device,\u201d says senior author <a href=\"http:\/\/cmliris.harvard.edu\/\">Charles M. Lieber<\/a>, the Mark Hyman Jr. Professor of Chemistry at Harvard. \u201cThe nanoFETs are the first new electrical measurement tool for intracellular studies since the 1960s, during which time electronics have advanced considerably.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Lieber and colleagues say nanoFETs could be used to measure ion flux or electrical signals in cells, particularly neurons. The devices could also be fitted with receptors or ligands to probe for the presence of individual biochemicals within a cell.<\/p>\n<p>Human cells can range in size from about 10 microns (millionths of a meter) for nerve cells to 50 microns for cardiac cells. While current probes measure up to 5 microns in diameter, nanoFETs are several orders of magnitude smaller: less than 50 nanometers (billionths of a meter) in total size, with the nanowire probe itself measuring just 15 nanometers in diameter.<\/p>\n<p>Aside from their small size, two features allow for easy insertion of nanoFETs into cells. First, Lieber and colleagues found that by coating the structures with a phospholipid bilayer \u2014 the same material cell membranes are made of \u2014 the devices are easily pulled into a cell via membrane fusion, a process related to that used to engulf viruses and bacteria.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis eliminates the need to push the nanoFETs into a cell, since they are essentially fused with the cell membrane by the cell\u2019s own machinery,\u201d Lieber says. \u201cThis also means insertion of nanoFETs is not nearly as traumatic to the cell as current electrical probes. We found that nanoFETs can be inserted and removed from a cell multiple times without any discernible damage to the cell. We can even use them to measure continuously as the device enters and exits the cell.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Secondly, the current paper builds upon previous work by Lieber\u2019s group to introduce triangular \u201cstereocenters\u201d \u2014 essentially, fixed 120-degree joints \u2014 into nanowires, structures that had previously been rigidly linear. These stereocenters, analogous to the chemical hubs found in many complex organic molecules, introduce kinks into 1-D nanostructures, transforming them into more complex forms.<\/p>\n<p>Lieber and his co-authors found that introducing two 120-degree angles into a nanowire in the proper <em>cis <\/em>orientation creates a single V-shaped 60-degree angle, perfect for a two-pronged nanoFET with a sensor at the tip of the V. The two arms can then be connected to wires to create a current through the nanoscale transistor.<\/p>\n<p>Lieber\u2019s co-authors on the Science<em> <\/em>paper are Bozhi Tian, Tzahi Cohen-Karni, Quan Qing, Xiaojie Duan, and Ping Xie, all of Harvard\u2019s Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. The work was sponsored by the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nih.gov\/\">National Institutes of Health<\/a> and the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mcknight.org\/neuroscience\/\">McKnight Endowment Fund for Neuroscience<\/a>.<\/p>\n"}],"innerHTML":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide\">\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n","innerContent":["\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide\">\n\n","\n\n<\/div>\n"],"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n\n\n\t\t<p>Chemists and engineers at <a href=\"http:\/\/harvard.edu\/\">Harvard University<\/a> have fashioned <a href=\"http:\/\/science.howstuffworks.com\/nanowire.htm\">nanowires<\/a> into a new type of V-shaped transistor small enough to be used for sensitive probing of the interior of cells.<\/p>\n<p>The new device, described this week in the journal <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/\">Science<\/a>, is smaller than many viruses and about one-hundredth the width of the probes now used to take cellular measurements, which can be nearly as large as the cells themselves. Its slenderness is a marked improvement over these bulkier probes, which can damage cells upon insertion, reducing the accuracy or reliability of any data gained.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOur use of these nanoscale field-effect transistors, or nanoFETs, represents the first totally new approach to intracellular studies in decades, as well as the first measurement of the inside of a cell with a semiconductor device,\u201d says senior author <a href=\"http:\/\/cmliris.harvard.edu\/\">Charles M. Lieber<\/a>, the Mark Hyman Jr. Professor of Chemistry at Harvard. \u201cThe nanoFETs are the first new electrical measurement tool for intracellular studies since the 1960s, during which time electronics have advanced considerably.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Lieber and colleagues say nanoFETs could be used to measure ion flux or electrical signals in cells, particularly neurons. The devices could also be fitted with receptors or ligands to probe for the presence of individual biochemicals within a cell.<\/p>\n<p>Human cells can range in size from about 10 microns (millionths of a meter) for nerve cells to 50 microns for cardiac cells. While current probes measure up to 5 microns in diameter, nanoFETs are several orders of magnitude smaller: less than 50 nanometers (billionths of a meter) in total size, with the nanowire probe itself measuring just 15 nanometers in diameter.<\/p>\n<p>Aside from their small size, two features allow for easy insertion of nanoFETs into cells. First, Lieber and colleagues found that by coating the structures with a phospholipid bilayer \u2014 the same material cell membranes are made of \u2014 the devices are easily pulled into a cell via membrane fusion, a process related to that used to engulf viruses and bacteria.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis eliminates the need to push the nanoFETs into a cell, since they are essentially fused with the cell membrane by the cell\u2019s own machinery,\u201d Lieber says. \u201cThis also means insertion of nanoFETs is not nearly as traumatic to the cell as current electrical probes. We found that nanoFETs can be inserted and removed from a cell multiple times without any discernible damage to the cell. We can even use them to measure continuously as the device enters and exits the cell.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Secondly, the current paper builds upon previous work by Lieber\u2019s group to introduce triangular \u201cstereocenters\u201d \u2014 essentially, fixed 120-degree joints \u2014 into nanowires, structures that had previously been rigidly linear. These stereocenters, analogous to the chemical hubs found in many complex organic molecules, introduce kinks into 1-D nanostructures, transforming them into more complex forms.<\/p>\n<p>Lieber and his co-authors found that introducing two 120-degree angles into a nanowire in the proper <em>cis <\/em>orientation creates a single V-shaped 60-degree angle, perfect for a two-pronged nanoFET with a sensor at the tip of the V. The two arms can then be connected to wires to create a current through the nanoscale transistor.<\/p>\n<p>Lieber\u2019s co-authors on the Science<em> <\/em>paper are Bozhi Tian, Tzahi Cohen-Karni, Quan Qing, Xiaojie Duan, and Ping Xie, all of Harvard\u2019s Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. The work was sponsored by the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nih.gov\/\">National Institutes of Health<\/a> and the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mcknight.org\/neuroscience\/\">McKnight Endowment Fund for Neuroscience<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n"}},"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":280000,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/07\/harvard-researchers-present-nanowire-devices-update\/","url_meta":{"origin":51608,"position":0},"title":"Combing out a tangled problem","author":"Lian Parsons","date":"July 2, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"A new technique speeds creation of nanowire devices, boosting research into what\u2019s happening inside cells.","rel":"","context":"In "Science & Tech"","block_context":{"text":"Science & Tech","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/science-technology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Charles Lieber","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/062817_Lieber_1466.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/062817_Lieber_1466.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/062817_Lieber_1466.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/062817_Lieber_1466.jpg?resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2134,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2006\/08\/nanowire-arrays-can-detect-signals-along-individual-neurons\/","url_meta":{"origin":51608,"position":1},"title":"Nanowire arrays can detect signals along individual neurons","author":"harvardgazette","date":"August 24, 2006","format":false,"excerpt":"Opening a whole new interface between nanotechnology and neuroscience, scientists at Harvard University have used slender silicon nanowires to detect, stimulate, and inhibit nerve signals along the axons and dendrites of live mammalian neurons.","rel":"","context":"In "Health"","block_context":{"text":"Health","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/health\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":73032,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2011\/02\/what-ultra-tiny-nanocircuits-can-do\/","url_meta":{"origin":51608,"position":2},"title":"What ultra-tiny nanocircuits can do","author":"harvardgazette","date":"February 9, 2011","format":false,"excerpt":"Engineers and scientists collaborating at Harvard University and the MITRE Corp. have developed and demonstrated the world\u2019s first programmable nanoprocessor.","rel":"","context":"In "Science & Tech"","block_context":{"text":"Science & Tech","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/science-technology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/nanoprocessorcomposite2_cml1_605.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/nanoprocessorcomposite2_cml1_605.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/nanoprocessorcomposite2_cml1_605.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":169552,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2015\/07\/tiny-wires-great-potential\/","url_meta":{"origin":51608,"position":3},"title":"Tiny wires, great potential","author":"harvardgazette","date":"July 17, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Harvard scientists have developed a method for creating a class of nanowires that could one day see applications in everything from consumer electronics to solar panels.","rel":"","context":"In "Science & Tech"","block_context":{"text":"Science & Tech","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/science-technology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/042815_nano_468_605.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/042815_nano_468_605.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/042815_nano_468_605.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":27624,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2009\/10\/nanowires-go-2-d-3-d\/","url_meta":{"origin":51608,"position":4},"title":"Nanowires go 2-D, 3-D","author":"harvardgazette","date":"October 22, 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Taking nanomaterials to a new level of structural complexity, scientists have determined how to introduce kinks into arrow-straight nanowires, transforming them into zigzagging two- and three-dimensional structures with correspondingly advanced functions.","rel":"","context":"In "Health"","block_context":{"text":"Health","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/health\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/lieber_kinkednanowire21.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/lieber_kinkednanowire21.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/lieber_kinkednanowire21.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":61743,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2009\/10\/harvard-scientists-bend-nanowires-into-2-d-and-3-d-structures\/","url_meta":{"origin":51608,"position":5},"title":"Harvard scientists bend nanowires into 2-D and 3-D structures","author":"harvardgazette","date":"October 21, 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Taking nanomaterials to a new level of structural complexity, Harvard researchers have determined how to introduce kinks into arrow-straight nanowires, transforming them into zigzagging two- and three-dimensional structures with correspondingly advanced functions. The work is described this week in in a letter in the journal Nature Nanotechnology by scientists led\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Science & Tech"","block_context":{"text":"Science & Tech","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/science-technology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51608","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/105622744"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=51608"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51608\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/51641"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51608"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51608"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=51608"},{"taxonomy":"format","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gazette-formats?post=51608"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=51608"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}