{"id":347635,"date":"2022-09-08T14:48:21","date_gmt":"2022-09-08T18:48:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/?p=347635"},"modified":"2024-01-10T10:46:52","modified_gmt":"2024-01-10T15:46:52","slug":"researchers-report-dramatic-rise-in-early-onset-cancers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2022\/09\/researchers-report-dramatic-rise-in-early-onset-cancers\/","title":{"rendered":"Dramatic rise in cancer in people under 50"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\t\n
\"Cancer<\/figure>\n\n\t
\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tHealth\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t

\n\t\tDramatic rise in cancer in people under 50\t<\/h1>\n\n\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\tKira Sampson\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t

\n\t\t\tBrigham and Women\u2019s Hospital Communications\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/address>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t

\n\t\t\tAltered microbiome, sleep deprivation, increase in alcohol consumption among possible culprits in 30-year global trend\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\n<\/header>\n\n\n\n
\n

A study<\/a> by researchers from Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital reveals that the incidence of early onset cancers \u2014 including breast, colon, esophagus, kidney, liver, and pancreas \u2014 has dramatically increased around the world, with the rise beginning around 1990. In an effort to understand why many more people under 50 are being diagnosed with cancer, scientists conducted extensive analyses of available data, including information on early life exposures that might have contributed to the trend. Results are published in Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFrom our data, we observed something called the birth cohort effect. This effect shows that each successive group of people born at a later time \u2014 e.g., a decade later \u2014 have a higher risk of developing cancer later in life, likely due to risk factors they were exposed to at a young age,\u201d said Shuji Ogino<\/a>, a professor at Harvard Chan School and Harvard Medical School and a physician-scientist in the Department of Pathology at the Brigham. \u201cWe found that this risk is increasing with each generation. For instance, people born in 1960 experienced higher cancer risk before they turn 50 than people born in 1950, and we predict that this risk level will continue to climb in successive generations.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ogino worked with lead author Tomotaka Ugai<\/a> and colleagues from 2000 to 2012 to analyze global data on 14 cancer types that showed increased incidence in adults before age 50. Then the team searched for available studies that examined trends of possible risk factors, including early life exposures in the general populations. Finally, the researchers examined the literature describing clinical and biological tumor characteristics of early onset cancers compared with cancers diagnosed after age 50.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u201cWe found that this risk is increasing with each generation.\u201d<\/p>\nShuji Ogino, professor, physician-scientist<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

In an extensive review, the team found that the early life \u201cexposome,\u201d which encompasses an individual\u2019s diet, lifestyle, weight, environmental exposures, and microbiome, has changed substantially in the last several decades. They hypothesize that factors like the Western diet and lifestyle may be contributing to the rise in early onset cancer. The team acknowledged that this increased incidence of certain cancer types is, in part, due to early detection through cancer screening programs. They couldn\u2019t precisely measure what proportion of this growing prevalence could solely be attributed to screening and early detection. However, they noted that increased incidence of many of the 14 cancer types is unlikely due to enhanced screening alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Possible risk factors for early onset cancer included alcohol consumption, sleep deprivation, smoking, obesity, and eating highly processed foods. Surprisingly, researchers found that while adult sleep duration hasn\u2019t drastically changed over the several decades, children are getting far less sleep today than they were decades ago. Risk factors such as highly processed foods, sugary beverages, obesity, Type 2 diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, and alcohol consumption have all significantly increased since the 1950s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAmong the 14 cancer types on the rise that we studied, eight were related to the digestive system. The food we eat feeds the microorganisms in our gut,\u201d said Ugai. \u201cDiet directly affects microbiome composition and eventually these changes can influence disease risk and outcomes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One limitation of this study is that researchers did not have an adequate amount of data from low- and middle-income countries to identify trends in cancer incidence over the decades. Going forward, Ogino and Ugai hope to continue this research by collecting more data and collaborating with international research institutes to better monitor global trends. They also explained the importance of conducting longitudinal cohort studies with parental consent to include young children who may be followed up for several decades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithout such studies, it\u2019s difficult to identify what someone having cancer now did decades ago or when one was a child,\u201d said Ugai. \u201cBecause of this challenge, we aim to run more longitudinal cohort studies in the future where we follow the same cohort of participants over the course of their lives, collecting health data, potentially from electronic health records, and biospecimens at set time points. This is not only more cost effective considering the many cancer types needed to be studied, but I believe it will yield us more accurate insights into cancer risk for generations to come.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ogino\u2019s work is supported in part by the U.S. National Institutes of Health grants and the Cancer Research UK\u2019s Cancer Grand Challenge Award. Ugai\u2019s work is supported by grants from the Prevent Cancer Foundation, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and Mishima Kaiun Memorial Foundation.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Altered microbiome, lack of sleep seen as possible culprits in 30-year global increase among under-50 adults<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":122429419,"featured_media":347637,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"gz_ga_pageviews":279,"gz_ga_lastupdated":"2025-12-21 04:42","document_color_palette":"grey","author":"Kira Sampson","affiliation":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital 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in cancer in people under 50","className":"is-style-full-width-text-below","backgroundFixed":false,"backgroundTone":"light","coloredBackground":false,"coloredHeading":true,"creditText":"","displayDetails":"","displayOverlay":true,"displayTitle":"","fadeInText":false,"isAmbient":false,"mediaCaption":"","mediaLength":"","mediaPosition":"","mediaSize":"header-full","posterText":"","titleAbove":false,"useUncroppedImage":false,"lock":[],"metadata":[]},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"Cancer cells.\" height=\"1667\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/20220908_cancercells_2500.jpg\" width=\"2500\"\/><\/figure>\n","innerContent":["\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"Cancer cells.\" height=\"1667\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/20220908_cancercells_2500.jpg\" width=\"2500\"\/><\/figure>\n"],"rendered":"<header\n\tclass=\"wp-block-harvard-gazette-article-header alignfull article-header is-style-full-width-text-below centered-image\"\n\tstyle=\" \"\n>\n\t\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"Cancer cells.\" height=\"1667\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/20220908_cancercells_2500.jpg\" width=\"2500\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\t<div class=\"article-header__content\">\n\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\tclass=\"article-header__category\"\n\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/health\/\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\tHealth\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<h1 class=\"article-header__title wp-block-heading \">\n\t\tDramatic rise in cancer in people under 50\t<\/h1>\n\n\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<div class=\"article-header__meta\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-post-author\">\n\t\t\t<address class=\"wp-block-post-author__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"author wp-block-post-author__name\">\n\t\tKira Sampson\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-post-author__byline\">\n\t\t\tBrigham and Women\u2019s Hospital Communications\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/address>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<time class=\"article-header__date\" datetime=\"2022-09-08\">\n\t\t\tSeptember 8, 2022\t\t<\/time>\n\n\t\t<span class=\"article-header__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t4 min read\t\t<\/span>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"article-header__subheading wp-block-heading\">\n\t\t\tAltered microbiome, sleep deprivation, increase in alcohol consumption among possible culprits in 30-year global trend\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\n<\/header>\n"},"2":{"blockName":"core\/group","attrs":{"templateLock":false,"metadata":{"name":"Article content"},"align":"wide","layout":{"type":"constrained","justifyContent":"center"},"tagName":"div","lock":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","ariaLabel":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41571-022-00672-8.epdf?sharing_token=1umLnn8X8BYzX5QTMHyArtRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0Mbf4RPi-ocNFWHJz8DUBZsAPhKJF2UqgYLHsA0Cpbtq9pHyF5VY4_JUzOCW23Ny67AuPivP2QGjseGKUadh2IPLERt0L07AH5dSEBqCheSrvp_NMPuByyxFdBZ3yftAdU%3D\">study<\/a> by researchers from Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital reveals that the incidence of early onset cancers \u2014 including breast, colon, esophagus, kidney, liver, and pancreas \u2014 has dramatically increased around the world, with the rise beginning around 1990. In an effort to understand why many more people under 50 are being diagnosed with cancer, scientists conducted extensive analyses of available data, including information on early life exposures that might have contributed to the trend. Results are published in Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41571-022-00672-8.epdf?sharing_token=1umLnn8X8BYzX5QTMHyArtRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0Mbf4RPi-ocNFWHJz8DUBZsAPhKJF2UqgYLHsA0Cpbtq9pHyF5VY4_JUzOCW23Ny67AuPivP2QGjseGKUadh2IPLERt0L07AH5dSEBqCheSrvp_NMPuByyxFdBZ3yftAdU%3D\">study<\/a> by researchers from Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital reveals that the incidence of early onset cancers \u2014 including breast, colon, esophagus, kidney, liver, and pancreas \u2014 has dramatically increased around the world, with the rise beginning around 1990. In an effort to understand why many more people under 50 are being diagnosed with cancer, scientists conducted extensive analyses of available data, including information on early life exposures that might have contributed to the trend. Results are published in Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41571-022-00672-8.epdf?sharing_token=1umLnn8X8BYzX5QTMHyArtRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0Mbf4RPi-ocNFWHJz8DUBZsAPhKJF2UqgYLHsA0Cpbtq9pHyF5VY4_JUzOCW23Ny67AuPivP2QGjseGKUadh2IPLERt0L07AH5dSEBqCheSrvp_NMPuByyxFdBZ3yftAdU%3D\">study<\/a> by researchers from Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital reveals that the incidence of early onset cancers \u2014 including breast, colon, esophagus, kidney, liver, and pancreas \u2014 has dramatically increased around the world, with the rise beginning around 1990. In an effort to understand why many more people under 50 are being diagnosed with cancer, scientists conducted extensive analyses of available data, including information on early life exposures that might have contributed to the trend. Results are published in Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41571-022-00672-8.epdf?sharing_token=1umLnn8X8BYzX5QTMHyArtRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0Mbf4RPi-ocNFWHJz8DUBZsAPhKJF2UqgYLHsA0Cpbtq9pHyF5VY4_JUzOCW23Ny67AuPivP2QGjseGKUadh2IPLERt0L07AH5dSEBqCheSrvp_NMPuByyxFdBZ3yftAdU%3D\">study<\/a> by researchers from Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital reveals that the incidence of early onset cancers \u2014 including breast, colon, esophagus, kidney, liver, and pancreas \u2014 has dramatically increased around the world, with the rise beginning around 1990. In an effort to understand why many more people under 50 are being diagnosed with cancer, scientists conducted extensive analyses of available data, including information on early life exposures that might have contributed to the trend. Results are published in Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\u201cFrom our data, we observed something called the birth cohort effect. This effect shows that each successive group of people born at a later time \u2014 e.g., a decade later \u2014 have a higher risk of developing cancer later in life, likely due to risk factors they were exposed to at a young age,\u201d said <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/shuji-ogino\/\">Shuji Ogino<\/a>, a professor at Harvard Chan School and Harvard Medical School and a physician-scientist in the Department of Pathology at the Brigham. \u201cWe found that this risk is increasing with each generation. For instance, people born in 1960 experienced higher cancer risk before they turn 50 than people born in 1950, and we predict that this risk level will continue to climb in successive generations.\u201d","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>\u201cFrom our data, we observed something called the birth cohort effect. This effect shows that each successive group of people born at a later time \u2014 e.g., a decade later \u2014 have a higher risk of developing cancer later in life, likely due to risk factors they were exposed to at a young age,\u201d said <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/shuji-ogino\/\">Shuji Ogino<\/a>, a professor at Harvard Chan School and Harvard Medical School and a physician-scientist in the Department of Pathology at the Brigham. \u201cWe found that this risk is increasing with each generation. For instance, people born in 1960 experienced higher cancer risk before they turn 50 than people born in 1950, and we predict that this risk level will continue to climb in successive generations.\u201d<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>\u201cFrom our data, we observed something called the birth cohort effect. This effect shows that each successive group of people born at a later time \u2014 e.g., a decade later \u2014 have a higher risk of developing cancer later in life, likely due to risk factors they were exposed to at a young age,\u201d said <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/shuji-ogino\/\">Shuji Ogino<\/a>, a professor at Harvard Chan School and Harvard Medical School and a physician-scientist in the Department of Pathology at the Brigham. \u201cWe found that this risk is increasing with each generation. For instance, people born in 1960 experienced higher cancer risk before they turn 50 than people born in 1950, and we predict that this risk level will continue to climb in successive generations.\u201d<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>\u201cFrom our data, we observed something called the birth cohort effect. This effect shows that each successive group of people born at a later time \u2014 e.g., a decade later \u2014 have a higher risk of developing cancer later in life, likely due to risk factors they were exposed to at a young age,\u201d said <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/shuji-ogino\/\">Shuji Ogino<\/a>, a professor at Harvard Chan School and Harvard Medical School and a physician-scientist in the Department of Pathology at the Brigham. \u201cWe found that this risk is increasing with each generation. For instance, people born in 1960 experienced higher cancer risk before they turn 50 than people born in 1950, and we predict that this risk level will continue to climb in successive generations.\u201d<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Ogino worked with lead author <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/profile\/tomotaka-ugai\/\">Tomotaka Ugai<\/a> and colleagues from 2000 to 2012 to analyze global data on 14 cancer types that showed increased incidence in adults before age 50. Then the team searched for available studies that examined trends of possible risk factors, including early life exposures in the general populations. Finally, the researchers examined the literature describing clinical and biological tumor characteristics of early onset cancers compared with cancers diagnosed after age 50.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Ogino worked with lead author <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/profile\/tomotaka-ugai\/\">Tomotaka Ugai<\/a> and colleagues from 2000 to 2012 to analyze global data on 14 cancer types that showed increased incidence in adults before age 50. Then the team searched for available studies that examined trends of possible risk factors, including early life exposures in the general populations. Finally, the researchers examined the literature describing clinical and biological tumor characteristics of early onset cancers compared with cancers diagnosed after age 50.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Ogino worked with lead author <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/profile\/tomotaka-ugai\/\">Tomotaka Ugai<\/a> and colleagues from 2000 to 2012 to analyze global data on 14 cancer types that showed increased incidence in adults before age 50. Then the team searched for available studies that examined trends of possible risk factors, including early life exposures in the general populations. Finally, the researchers examined the literature describing clinical and biological tumor characteristics of early onset cancers compared with cancers diagnosed after age 50.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Ogino worked with lead author <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/profile\/tomotaka-ugai\/\">Tomotaka Ugai<\/a> and colleagues from 2000 to 2012 to analyze global data on 14 cancer types that showed increased incidence in adults before age 50. Then the team searched for available studies that examined trends of possible risk factors, including early life exposures in the general populations. Finally, the researchers examined the literature describing clinical and biological tumor characteristics of early onset cancers compared with cancers diagnosed after age 50.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/quote","attrs":{"value":"<cite>Shuji Ogino, professor, physician-scientist<\/cite>","citation":"Shuji Ogino, professor, physician-scientist","textAlign":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","layout":[],"anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\u201cWe found that this risk is increasing with each generation.\u201d","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>\u201cWe found that this risk is increasing with each generation.\u201d<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>\u201cWe found that this risk is increasing with each generation.\u201d<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>\u201cWe found that this risk is increasing with each generation.\u201d<\/p>\n"}],"innerHTML":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><cite>Shuji Ogino, professor, physician-scientist<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n","innerContent":["\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">","<cite>Shuji Ogino, professor, physician-scientist<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n"],"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cWe found that this risk is increasing with each generation.\u201d<\/p>\n<cite>Shuji Ogino, professor, physician-scientist<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"In an extensive review, the team found that the early life \u201cexposome,\u201d which encompasses an individual\u2019s diet, lifestyle, weight, environmental exposures, and microbiome, has changed substantially in the last several decades. They hypothesize that factors like the Western diet and lifestyle may be contributing to the rise in early onset cancer. The team acknowledged that this increased incidence of certain cancer types is, in part, due to early detection through cancer screening programs. They couldn\u2019t precisely measure what proportion of this growing prevalence could solely be attributed to screening and early detection. However, they noted that increased incidence of many of the 14 cancer types is unlikely due to enhanced screening alone.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>In an extensive review, the team found that the early life \u201cexposome,\u201d which encompasses an individual\u2019s diet, lifestyle, weight, environmental exposures, and microbiome, has changed substantially in the last several decades. They hypothesize that factors like the Western diet and lifestyle may be contributing to the rise in early onset cancer. The team acknowledged that this increased incidence of certain cancer types is, in part, due to early detection through cancer screening programs. They couldn\u2019t precisely measure what proportion of this growing prevalence could solely be attributed to screening and early detection. However, they noted that increased incidence of many of the 14 cancer types is unlikely due to enhanced screening alone.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>In an extensive review, the team found that the early life \u201cexposome,\u201d which encompasses an individual\u2019s diet, lifestyle, weight, environmental exposures, and microbiome, has changed substantially in the last several decades. They hypothesize that factors like the Western diet and lifestyle may be contributing to the rise in early onset cancer. The team acknowledged that this increased incidence of certain cancer types is, in part, due to early detection through cancer screening programs. They couldn\u2019t precisely measure what proportion of this growing prevalence could solely be attributed to screening and early detection. However, they noted that increased incidence of many of the 14 cancer types is unlikely due to enhanced screening alone.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>In an extensive review, the team found that the early life \u201cexposome,\u201d which encompasses an individual\u2019s diet, lifestyle, weight, environmental exposures, and microbiome, has changed substantially in the last several decades. They hypothesize that factors like the Western diet and lifestyle may be contributing to the rise in early onset cancer. The team acknowledged that this increased incidence of certain cancer types is, in part, due to early detection through cancer screening programs. They couldn\u2019t precisely measure what proportion of this growing prevalence could solely be attributed to screening and early detection. However, they noted that increased incidence of many of the 14 cancer types is unlikely due to enhanced screening alone.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Possible risk factors for early onset cancer included alcohol consumption, sleep deprivation, smoking, obesity, and eating highly processed foods. Surprisingly, researchers found that while adult sleep duration hasn\u2019t drastically changed over the several decades, children are getting far less sleep today than they were decades ago. Risk factors such as highly processed foods, sugary beverages, obesity, Type 2 diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, and alcohol consumption have all significantly increased since the 1950s.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Possible risk factors for early onset cancer included alcohol consumption, sleep deprivation, smoking, obesity, and eating highly processed foods. Surprisingly, researchers found that while adult sleep duration hasn\u2019t drastically changed over the several decades, children are getting far less sleep today than they were decades ago. Risk factors such as highly processed foods, sugary beverages, obesity, Type 2 diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, and alcohol consumption have all significantly increased since the 1950s.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Possible risk factors for early onset cancer included alcohol consumption, sleep deprivation, smoking, obesity, and eating highly processed foods. Surprisingly, researchers found that while adult sleep duration hasn\u2019t drastically changed over the several decades, children are getting far less sleep today than they were decades ago. Risk factors such as highly processed foods, sugary beverages, obesity, Type 2 diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, and alcohol consumption have all significantly increased since the 1950s.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Possible risk factors for early onset cancer included alcohol consumption, sleep deprivation, smoking, obesity, and eating highly processed foods. Surprisingly, researchers found that while adult sleep duration hasn\u2019t drastically changed over the several decades, children are getting far less sleep today than they were decades ago. Risk factors such as highly processed foods, sugary beverages, obesity, Type 2 diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, and alcohol consumption have all significantly increased since the 1950s.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\u201cAmong the 14 cancer types on the rise that we studied, eight were related to the digestive system. The food we eat feeds the microorganisms in our gut,\u201d said Ugai. \u201cDiet directly affects microbiome composition and eventually these changes can influence disease risk and outcomes.\u201d","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>\u201cAmong the 14 cancer types on the rise that we studied, eight were related to the digestive system. The food we eat feeds the microorganisms in our gut,\u201d said Ugai. \u201cDiet directly affects microbiome composition and eventually these changes can influence disease risk and outcomes.\u201d<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>\u201cAmong the 14 cancer types on the rise that we studied, eight were related to the digestive system. The food we eat feeds the microorganisms in our gut,\u201d said Ugai. \u201cDiet directly affects microbiome composition and eventually these changes can influence disease risk and outcomes.\u201d<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>\u201cAmong the 14 cancer types on the rise that we studied, eight were related to the digestive system. The food we eat feeds the microorganisms in our gut,\u201d said Ugai. \u201cDiet directly affects microbiome composition and eventually these changes can influence disease risk and outcomes.\u201d<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"One limitation of this study is that researchers did not have an adequate amount of data from low- and middle-income countries to identify trends in cancer incidence over the decades. Going forward, Ogino and Ugai hope to continue this research by collecting more data and collaborating with international research institutes to better monitor global trends. They also explained the importance of conducting longitudinal cohort studies with parental consent to include young children who may be followed up for several decades.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>One limitation of this study is that researchers did not have an adequate amount of data from low- and middle-income countries to identify trends in cancer incidence over the decades. Going forward, Ogino and Ugai hope to continue this research by collecting more data and collaborating with international research institutes to better monitor global trends. They also explained the importance of conducting longitudinal cohort studies with parental consent to include young children who may be followed up for several decades.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>One limitation of this study is that researchers did not have an adequate amount of data from low- and middle-income countries to identify trends in cancer incidence over the decades. Going forward, Ogino and Ugai hope to continue this research by collecting more data and collaborating with international research institutes to better monitor global trends. They also explained the importance of conducting longitudinal cohort studies with parental consent to include young children who may be followed up for several decades.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>One limitation of this study is that researchers did not have an adequate amount of data from low- and middle-income countries to identify trends in cancer incidence over the decades. Going forward, Ogino and Ugai hope to continue this research by collecting more data and collaborating with international research institutes to better monitor global trends. They also explained the importance of conducting longitudinal cohort studies with parental consent to include young children who may be followed up for several decades.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\u201cWithout such studies, it\u2019s difficult to identify what someone having cancer now did decades ago or when one was a child,\u201d said Ugai. \u201cBecause of this challenge, we aim to run more longitudinal cohort studies in the future where we follow the same cohort of participants over the course of their lives, collecting health data, potentially from electronic health records, and biospecimens at set time points. This is not only more cost effective considering the many cancer types needed to be studied, but I believe it will yield us more accurate insights into cancer risk for generations to come.\u201d","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>\u201cWithout such studies, it\u2019s difficult to identify what someone having cancer now did decades ago or when one was a child,\u201d said Ugai. \u201cBecause of this challenge, we aim to run more longitudinal cohort studies in the future where we follow the same cohort of participants over the course of their lives, collecting health data, potentially from electronic health records, and biospecimens at set time points. This is not only more cost effective considering the many cancer types needed to be studied, but I believe it will yield us more accurate insights into cancer risk for generations to come.\u201d<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>\u201cWithout such studies, it\u2019s difficult to identify what someone having cancer now did decades ago or when one was a child,\u201d said Ugai. \u201cBecause of this challenge, we aim to run more longitudinal cohort studies in the future where we follow the same cohort of participants over the course of their lives, collecting health data, potentially from electronic health records, and biospecimens at set time points. This is not only more cost effective considering the many cancer types needed to be studied, but I believe it will yield us more accurate insights into cancer risk for generations to come.\u201d<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>\u201cWithout such studies, it\u2019s difficult to identify what someone having cancer now did decades ago or when one was a child,\u201d said Ugai. \u201cBecause of this challenge, we aim to run more longitudinal cohort studies in the future where we follow the same cohort of participants over the course of their lives, collecting health data, potentially from electronic health records, and biospecimens at set time points. This is not only more cost effective considering the many cancer types needed to be studied, but I believe it will yield us more accurate insights into cancer risk for generations to come.\u201d<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"<em>Ogino\u2019s work is supported in part by the U.S. National Institutes of Health grants and the Cancer Research UK\u2019s Cancer Grand Challenge Award. Ugai\u2019s work is supported by grants from the Prevent Cancer Foundation, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and Mishima Kaiun Memorial Foundation.<\/em>","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p><em>Ogino\u2019s work is supported in part by the U.S. National Institutes of Health grants and the Cancer Research UK\u2019s Cancer Grand Challenge Award. Ugai\u2019s work is supported by grants from the Prevent Cancer Foundation, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and Mishima Kaiun Memorial Foundation.<\/em><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p><em>Ogino\u2019s work is supported in part by the U.S. National Institutes of Health grants and the Cancer Research UK\u2019s Cancer Grand Challenge Award. Ugai\u2019s work is supported by grants from the Prevent Cancer Foundation, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and Mishima Kaiun Memorial Foundation.<\/em><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p><em>Ogino\u2019s work is supported in part by the U.S. National Institutes of Health grants and the Cancer Research UK\u2019s Cancer Grand Challenge Award. Ugai\u2019s work is supported by grants from the Prevent Cancer Foundation, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and Mishima Kaiun Memorial Foundation.<\/em><\/p>\n"}],"innerHTML":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide\">\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n","innerContent":["\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide\">","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","<\/div>\n"],"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41571-022-00672-8.epdf?sharing_token=1umLnn8X8BYzX5QTMHyArtRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0Mbf4RPi-ocNFWHJz8DUBZsAPhKJF2UqgYLHsA0Cpbtq9pHyF5VY4_JUzOCW23Ny67AuPivP2QGjseGKUadh2IPLERt0L07AH5dSEBqCheSrvp_NMPuByyxFdBZ3yftAdU%3D\">study<\/a> by researchers from Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital reveals that the incidence of early onset cancers \u2014 including breast, colon, esophagus, kidney, liver, and pancreas \u2014 has dramatically increased around the world, with the rise beginning around 1990. In an effort to understand why many more people under 50 are being diagnosed with cancer, scientists conducted extensive analyses of available data, including information on early life exposures that might have contributed to the trend. Results are published in Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cFrom our data, we observed something called the birth cohort effect. This effect shows that each successive group of people born at a later time \u2014 e.g., a decade later \u2014 have a higher risk of developing cancer later in life, likely due to risk factors they were exposed to at a young age,\u201d said <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/shuji-ogino\/\">Shuji Ogino<\/a>, a professor at Harvard Chan School and Harvard Medical School and a physician-scientist in the Department of Pathology at the Brigham. \u201cWe found that this risk is increasing with each generation. For instance, people born in 1960 experienced higher cancer risk before they turn 50 than people born in 1950, and we predict that this risk level will continue to climb in successive generations.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ogino worked with lead author <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/profile\/tomotaka-ugai\/\">Tomotaka Ugai<\/a> and colleagues from 2000 to 2012 to analyze global data on 14 cancer types that showed increased incidence in adults before age 50. Then the team searched for available studies that examined trends of possible risk factors, including early life exposures in the general populations. Finally, the researchers examined the literature describing clinical and biological tumor characteristics of early onset cancers compared with cancers diagnosed after age 50.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cWe found that this risk is increasing with each generation.\u201d<\/p>\n<cite>Shuji Ogino, professor, physician-scientist<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>In an extensive review, the team found that the early life \u201cexposome,\u201d which encompasses an individual\u2019s diet, lifestyle, weight, environmental exposures, and microbiome, has changed substantially in the last several decades. They hypothesize that factors like the Western diet and lifestyle may be contributing to the rise in early onset cancer. The team acknowledged that this increased incidence of certain cancer types is, in part, due to early detection through cancer screening programs. They couldn\u2019t precisely measure what proportion of this growing prevalence could solely be attributed to screening and early detection. However, they noted that increased incidence of many of the 14 cancer types is unlikely due to enhanced screening alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Possible risk factors for early onset cancer included alcohol consumption, sleep deprivation, smoking, obesity, and eating highly processed foods. Surprisingly, researchers found that while adult sleep duration hasn\u2019t drastically changed over the several decades, children are getting far less sleep today than they were decades ago. Risk factors such as highly processed foods, sugary beverages, obesity, Type 2 diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, and alcohol consumption have all significantly increased since the 1950s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAmong the 14 cancer types on the rise that we studied, eight were related to the digestive system. The food we eat feeds the microorganisms in our gut,\u201d said Ugai. \u201cDiet directly affects microbiome composition and eventually these changes can influence disease risk and outcomes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One limitation of this study is that researchers did not have an adequate amount of data from low- and middle-income countries to identify trends in cancer incidence over the decades. Going forward, Ogino and Ugai hope to continue this research by collecting more data and collaborating with international research institutes to better monitor global trends. They also explained the importance of conducting longitudinal cohort studies with parental consent to include young children who may be followed up for several decades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWithout such studies, it\u2019s difficult to identify what someone having cancer now did decades ago or when one was a child,\u201d said Ugai. \u201cBecause of this challenge, we aim to run more longitudinal cohort studies in the future where we follow the same cohort of participants over the course of their lives, collecting health data, potentially from electronic health records, and biospecimens at set time points. This is not only more cost effective considering the many cancer types needed to be studied, but I believe it will yield us more accurate insights into cancer risk for generations to come.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Ogino\u2019s work is supported in part by the U.S. National Institutes of Health grants and the Cancer Research UK\u2019s Cancer Grand Challenge Award. Ugai\u2019s work is supported by grants from the Prevent Cancer Foundation, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and Mishima Kaiun Memorial Foundation.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n"}},"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":326969,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2021\/05\/study-links-genetic-makeup-of-bacteria-in-the-human-gut-to-several-diseases\/","url_meta":{"origin":347635,"position":0},"title":"A gut feeling","author":"Lian Parsons","date":"May 18, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Researchers identify links between genetic makeup of bacteria in human gut and several human diseases.","rel":"","context":"In "Science & Tech"","block_context":{"text":"Science & Tech","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/science-technology\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Intestinal microbiome.","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/GettyImages-1196631894_2500.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/GettyImages-1196631894_2500.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/GettyImages-1196631894_2500.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/GettyImages-1196631894_2500.jpg?resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":378688,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2024\/02\/were-social-beings-so-are-microbes\/","url_meta":{"origin":347635,"position":1},"title":"We\u2019re social beings. So are microbes.\u00a0","author":"harvardgazette","date":"February 12, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"When we pick up our neighbors\u2019 bugs, we get the good as well as the bad and the ugly","rel":"","context":"In "Health"","block_context":{"text":"Health","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/health\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Amar Sarkar (l to r), Rachel Carmody, and Cameron Mcinroy.","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/13024_Evo_Bio_059.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/13024_Evo_Bio_059.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/13024_Evo_Bio_059.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/13024_Evo_Bio_059.jpg?resize=700%2C400 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"Health"","block_context":{"text":"Health","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/health\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/605x403.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/605x403.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/605x403.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":112518,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2012\/06\/mapping-microbes-in-people\/","url_meta":{"origin":347635,"position":4},"title":"Mapping microbes in people","author":"harvardgazette","date":"June 13, 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"New studies involving Harvard School of Public Health researchers have helped to identify and analyze the vast human \u201cmicrobiome,\u201d the more than 5 million microbial genes in the body.","rel":"","context":"In 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