{"id":301806,"date":"2020-10-26T18:26:08","date_gmt":"2020-10-26T22:26:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/?p=301806"},"modified":"2024-01-03T14:13:07","modified_gmt":"2024-01-03T19:13:07","slug":"ethical-concerns-mount-as-ai-takes-bigger-decision-making-role","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/10\/ethical-concerns-mount-as-ai-takes-bigger-decision-making-role\/","title":{"rendered":"Great promise but potential for peril"},"content":{"rendered":"<header\n\tclass=\"wp-block-harvard-gazette-article-header alignfull article-header is-style-full-width-text-below centered-image\"\n\tstyle=\" \"\n>\n\t\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video controls poster=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Story_2.mp4\"><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><p class=\"wp-element-caption--credit\">Illustration by Ben Boothman<\/p><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\t<div class=\"article-header__content\">\n\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\tclass=\"article-header__category\"\n\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/business-economy\/\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\tWork &amp; Economy\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<h1 class=\"article-header__title wp-block-heading \">\n\t\tGreat promise but potential for peril\t<\/h1>\n\n\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<div class=\"article-header__meta\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-post-author\">\n\t\t\t<address class=\"wp-block-post-author__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"author wp-block-post-author__name\">\n\t\tChristina Pazzanese\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-post-author__byline\">\n\t\t\tHarvard Staff Writer\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/address>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<time class=\"article-header__date\" datetime=\"2020-10-26\">\n\t\t\tOctober 26, 2020\t\t<\/time>\n\n\t\t<span class=\"article-header__reading-time\">\n\t\t\tlong read\t\t<\/span>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"article-header__subheading wp-block-heading\">\n\t\t\tEthical concerns mount as AI takes bigger decision-making role in more industries\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\n<\/header>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p><em>Second in a four-part series that taps the expertise of the Harvard community to examine the promise and potential pitfalls of the rising age of artificial intelligence and machine learning<i>, and how to humanize them<\/i>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For decades, artificial intelligence, or AI, was the engine of high-level STEM research. Most consumers became aware of the technology\u2019s power and potential through internet platforms like Google and Facebook, and retailer Amazon. Today, AI is essential across a vast array of industries, including health care, banking, retail, and manufacturing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-harvard-gazette-supporting-content alignleft supporting-content\" id=\"supporting-content-df540520-7a61-4478-93c8-2c5d1313db7f\">\n\t<div class=\"featured-articles is-post-type-post is-style-grid-list\"  style=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"featured-articles__title wp-block-heading\">Also in the series<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"featured-articles__list \">\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"Illustration of people making ethical decisions.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=1680,1050 1680w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/science-technology\/\">\n\t\t\tScience &amp; Tech\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/10\/experts-consider-the-ethical-implications-of-new-technology\/\">Trailblazing initiative marries ethics, tech<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tlong read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/AI_Med_Shot.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"Illustration of person having an X-ray.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/AI_Med_Shot.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/AI_Med_Shot.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/AI_Med_Shot.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/AI_Med_Shot.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/AI_Med_Shot.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/health\/\">\n\t\t\tHealth\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/11\/risks-and-benefits-of-an-ai-revolution-in-medicine\/\">AI revolution in medicine<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tlong read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"Illustration of robot making decisions.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=1680,1050 1680w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/science-technology\/\">\n\t\t\tScience &amp; Tech\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/12\/are-humans-really-the-best-role-models-for-a-robot\/\">Imagine a world in which AI is in your home, at work, everywhere<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>But its game-changing promise to do things like improve efficiency, bring down costs, and accelerate research and development has been tempered of late with worries that these complex, opaque systems may do more societal harm than economic good. With virtually no U.S. government oversight, private companies use AI software to make determinations about health and medicine, employment, creditworthiness, and even criminal justice without having to answer for how they\u2019re ensuring that programs aren\u2019t encoded, consciously or unconsciously, with structural biases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Its growing appeal and utility are undeniable. Worldwide business spending on AI is expected to hit $50 billion this year and $110 billion annually by 2024, even after the global economic slump caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.idc.com\/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS46794720\">forecast<\/a> released in August by technology research firm IDC. Retail and banking industries spent the most this year, at more than $5 billion each. The company expects the media industry and federal and central governments will invest most heavily between 2018 and 2023 and predicts that AI will be \u201cthe disrupting influence changing entire industries over the next decade.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cVirtually every big company now has multiple AI systems and counts the deployment of AI as integral to their strategy,\u201d said <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hbs.edu\/faculty\/Pages\/profile.aspx?facId=123284&amp;__hstc=44907643.add43840d65ab002103dc8b86a0183da.1527984000219.1527984000220.1527984000221.1&amp;__hssc=44907643.1.1527984000222&amp;__hsfp=1773666937\">Joseph Fuller<\/a>, professor of management practice at Harvard Business School, who co-leads <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hbs.edu\/managing-the-future-of-work\/Pages\/default.aspx\">Managing the Future of Work<\/a>, a research project that studies, in part, the development and implementation of AI, including machine learning, robotics, sensors, and industrial automation, in business and the work world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Early on, it was popularly assumed that the future of AI would involve the automation of simple repetitive tasks requiring low-level decision-making. But AI has rapidly grown in sophistication, owing to more powerful computers and the compilation of huge data sets. One branch, machine learning, notable for its ability to sort and analyze massive amounts of data and to learn over time, has transformed countless fields, including education.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Firms now use AI to manage sourcing of materials and products from suppliers and to integrate vast troves of information to aid in strategic decision-making, and because of its capacity to process data so quickly, AI tools are helping to minimize time in the pricey trial-and-error of product development \u2014 a critical advance for an industry like pharmaceuticals, where it costs $1 billion to bring a new pill to market, Fuller said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Health care experts see many possible uses for AI, including with billing and processing necessary paperwork. And medical professionals expect that the biggest, most immediate impact will be in analysis of data, imaging, and diagnosis. Imagine, they say, having the ability to bring all of the medical knowledge available on a disease to any given treatment decision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In employment, AI software culls and processes resumes and analyzes job interviewees\u2019 voice and facial expressions in hiring and driving the growth of what\u2019s known as \u201chybrid\u201d jobs. Rather than replacing employees, AI takes on important technical tasks of their work, like routing for package delivery trucks, which potentially frees workers to focus on other responsibilities, making them more productive and therefore more valuable to employers.<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s allowing them to do more stuff better, or to make fewer errors, or to capture their expertise and disseminate it more effectively in the organization,\u201d said Fuller, who has studied the effects and attitudes of workers who have lost or are likeliest to lose their jobs to AI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide are-vertically-aligned-center media-cluster is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-can-smart-machines-outthink-us-or-are-certain-elements-of-human-judgment-indispensable-in-deciding-some-of-the-most-important-things-in-life\">\u201cCan smart machines outthink us, or are certain elements of human judgment indispensable in deciding some of the most important things in life?\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014 Michael Sandel, political philosopher and Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Government<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2194\" height=\"2500\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2SandelPQ.jpg\" alt=\"Michael Sandel.\" class=\"wp-image-313605\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2SandelPQ.jpg 2194w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2SandelPQ.jpg?resize=132,150 132w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2SandelPQ.jpg?resize=263,300 263w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2SandelPQ.jpg?resize=768,875 768w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2SandelPQ.jpg?resize=899,1024 899w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2SandelPQ.jpg?resize=1348,1536 1348w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2SandelPQ.jpg?resize=1797,2048 1797w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2SandelPQ.jpg?resize=28,32 28w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2SandelPQ.jpg?resize=56,64 56w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2SandelPQ.jpg?resize=1488,1696 1488w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2SandelPQ.jpg?resize=1680,1914 1680w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2194px) 100vw, 2194px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Stephanie Mitchell\/Harvard file photo\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Though automation is here to stay, the elimination of entire job categories, like highway toll-takers who were replaced by sensors because of AI\u2019s proliferation, is not likely, according to Fuller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhat we\u2019re going to see is jobs that require human interaction, empathy, that require applying judgment to what the machine is creating [will] have robustness,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While big business already has a huge head start, small businesses could also potentially be transformed by AI, says <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hbs.edu\/competitiveness\/faculty\/Pages\/faculty-profile-details.aspx?profile=kmills\">Karen Mills<\/a> \u201975, M.B.A. \u201977, who ran the U.S. Small Business Administration from 2009 to 2013. With half the country employed by small businesses before the COVID-19 pandemic, that could have major implications for the national economy over the long haul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rather than hamper small businesses, the technology could give their owners detailed new insights into sales trends, cash flow, ordering, and other important financial information in real time so they can better understand how the business is doing and where problem areas might loom without having to hire anyone, become a financial expert, or spend hours laboring over the books every week, Mills said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One area where AI could \u201ccompletely change the game\u201d is lending, where access to capital is difficult in part because banks often struggle to get an accurate picture of a small business\u2019s viability and creditworthiness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s much harder to look inside a business operation and know what\u2019s going on\u201d than it is to assess an individual, she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Information opacity makes the lending process laborious and expensive for both would-be borrowers and lenders, and applications are designed to analyze larger companies or those who\u2019ve already borrowed, a built-in disadvantage for certain types of businesses and for historically underserved borrowers, like women and minority business owners, said Mills, a senior fellow at HBS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But with AI-powered software pulling information from a business\u2019s bank account, taxes, and online bookkeeping records and comparing it with data from thousands of similar businesses, even small community banks will be able to make informed assessments in minutes, without the agony of paperwork and delays, and, like blind auditions for musicians, without fear that any inequity crept into the decision-making.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAll of that goes away,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-secondary-green-dark-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d6d9084b76e872f8fcd4d65a6f4c7d8b\">A veneer of objectivity<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Not everyone sees blue skies on the horizon, however. Many worry whether the coming age of AI will bring new, faster, and frictionless ways to discriminate and divide at scale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cPart of the appeal of algorithmic decision-making is that it seems to offer an objective way of overcoming human subjectivity, bias, and prejudice,\u201d said political philosopher <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.harvard.edu\/sandel\/home\">Michael Sandel<\/a>, Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Government. \u201cBut we are discovering that many of the algorithms that decide who should get parole, for example, or who should be presented with employment opportunities or housing \u2026 replicate and embed the biases that already exist in our society.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide are-vertically-aligned-center media-cluster is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-if-we-re-not-thoughtful-and-careful-we-re-going-to-end-up-with-redlining-again\">\u201cIf we\u2019re not thoughtful and careful, we\u2019re going to end up with redlining again.\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014 Karen Mills, senior fellow at the Business School and head of the U.S. Small Business Administration from 2009 to 2013<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2194\" height=\"2500\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2MillsPQ.jpg\" alt=\"Karen Mills.\" class=\"wp-image-313609\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2MillsPQ.jpg 2194w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2MillsPQ.jpg?resize=132,150 132w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2MillsPQ.jpg?resize=263,300 263w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2MillsPQ.jpg?resize=768,875 768w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2MillsPQ.jpg?resize=899,1024 899w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2MillsPQ.jpg?resize=1348,1536 1348w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2MillsPQ.jpg?resize=1797,2048 1797w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2MillsPQ.jpg?resize=28,32 28w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2MillsPQ.jpg?resize=56,64 56w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2MillsPQ.jpg?resize=1488,1696 1488w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2MillsPQ.jpg?resize=1680,1914 1680w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2194px) 100vw, 2194px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Jon Chase\/Harvard file photo\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>AI presents three major areas of ethical concern for society: privacy and surveillance, bias and discrimination, and perhaps the deepest, most difficult philosophical question of the era, the role of human judgment, said Sandel, who teaches a course in the moral, social, and political implications of new technologies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cDebates about privacy safeguards and about how to overcome bias in algorithmic decision-making in sentencing, parole, and employment practices are by now familiar,\u201d said Sandel, referring to conscious and unconscious prejudices of program developers and those built into&nbsp;datasets used to train the software. \u201cBut we\u2019ve not yet wrapped our minds around the hardest question: Can smart machines outthink us, or are certain elements of human judgment indispensable in deciding some of the most important things in life?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Panic over AI suddenly injecting bias into everyday life <em>en masse<\/em> is overstated, says Fuller. First, the business world and the workplace, rife with human decision-making, have always been riddled with \u201call sorts\u201d of biases that prevent people from making deals or landing contracts and jobs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When calibrated carefully and deployed thoughtfully, resume-screening software allows a wider pool of applicants to be considered than could be done otherwise, and should minimize the&nbsp;potential for favoritism that comes with human gatekeepers, Fuller said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sandel disagrees. \u201cAI not only replicates human biases, it confers on these biases a kind of scientific credibility. It makes it seem that these predictions and judgments have an objective status,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the world of lending, algorithm-driven decisions do have a potential \u201cdark side,\u201d Mills said. As machines learn from data sets they\u2019re fed, chances are \u201cpretty high\u201d they may replicate many of the banking industry\u2019s past failings that resulted in systematic disparate treatment of African Americans and other marginalized consumers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIf we\u2019re not thoughtful and careful, we\u2019re going to end up with redlining again,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A highly regulated industry, banks are legally on the hook if the algorithms they use to evaluate loan applications end up inappropriately discriminating against classes of consumers, so those \u201cat the top levels\u201d in the field are \u201cvery focused\u201d right now on this issue, said Mills, who closely studies the rapid changes in financial technology, or \u201cfintech.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThey really don\u2019t want to discriminate. They want to get access to capital to the most creditworthy borrowers,\u201d she said. \u201cThat\u2019s good business for them, too.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-secondary-green-dark-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f510387568b6cd35bbe6648a316573b2\">Oversight overwhelmed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Given its power and expected ubiquity, some argue that the use of AI should be tightly regulated. But there\u2019s little consensus on how that should be done and who should make the rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thus far, companies that develop or use AI systems largely self-police, relying on existing laws and market forces, like negative reactions from consumers and shareholders or the demands of highly-prized AI technical talent to keep them in line.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThere\u2019s no businessperson on the planet at an enterprise of any size that isn\u2019t concerned about this and trying to reflect on what\u2019s going to be politically, legally, regulatorily, [or] ethically acceptable,\u201d said Fuller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Firms already consider their own potential liability from misuse before a product launch, but it\u2019s not realistic to expect companies to anticipate and prevent every possible unintended consequence of their product, he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Few think the federal government is up to the job, or will ever be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe regulatory bodies are not equipped with the expertise in artificial intelligence to engage in [oversight] without some real focus and investment,\u201d said Fuller, noting the rapid rate of technological change means even the most informed legislators can\u2019t keep pace. Requiring every new product using AI to be prescreened for potential social harms is not only impractical, but would create a huge drag on innovation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide are-vertically-aligned-center media-cluster is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-i-wouldn-t-have-a-central-ai-group-that-has-a-division-that-does-cars-i-would-have-the-car-people-have-a-division-of-people-who-are-really-good-at-ai\">\u201cI wouldn\u2019t have a central AI group that has a division that does cars, I would have the car people have a division of people who are really good at AI.\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014 Jason Furman, a professor of the practice of economic policy at the Kennedy School and a former top economic adviser to President Barack Obama<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2194\" height=\"2500\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2FurmanPQ.jpg\" alt=\"Jason Furman.\" class=\"wp-image-313612\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2FurmanPQ.jpg 2194w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2FurmanPQ.jpg?resize=132,150 132w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2FurmanPQ.jpg?resize=263,300 263w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2FurmanPQ.jpg?resize=768,875 768w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2FurmanPQ.jpg?resize=899,1024 899w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2FurmanPQ.jpg?resize=1348,1536 1348w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2FurmanPQ.jpg?resize=1797,2048 1797w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2FurmanPQ.jpg?resize=28,32 28w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2FurmanPQ.jpg?resize=56,64 56w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2FurmanPQ.jpg?resize=1488,1696 1488w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2FurmanPQ.jpg?resize=1680,1914 1680w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2194px) 100vw, 2194px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Rose Lincoln\/Harvard Staff Photographer\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hks.harvard.edu\/faculty\/jason-furman\">Jason Furman<\/a>, a professor of the practice of economic policy at Harvard Kennedy School, agrees that government regulators need \u201ca much better technical understanding of artificial intelligence to do that job well,\u201d but says they could do it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Existing bodies like the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, which oversees vehicle safety, for example, could handle potential AI issues in autonomous vehicles rather than a single watchdog agency, he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI wouldn\u2019t have a central AI group that has a division that does cars, I would have the car people have a division of people who are really good at AI,\u201d said Furman, a former top economic adviser to President Barack Obama.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Though keeping AI regulation within industries does leave open the possibility of co-opted enforcement, Furman said industry-specific panels would be far more knowledgeable about the overarching technology of which AI is simply one piece, making for more thorough oversight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While the European Union already has rigorous data-privacy laws and the European Commission is considering a formal regulatory framework for ethical use of AI, the U.S. government has historically been late when it comes to tech regulation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI think we should\u2019ve started three decades ago, but better late than never,\u201d said Furman, who thinks there needs to be a \u201cgreater sense of urgency\u201d to make lawmakers act.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Business leaders \u201ccan\u2019t have it both ways,\u201d refusing responsibility for AI\u2019s harmful consequences while also fighting government oversight, Sandel maintains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-harvard-gazette-supporting-content alignleft supporting-content\" id=\"supporting-content-42be89a3-2e95-4442-99b6-bc4f4c09d474\">\n\t<div class=\"featured-articles is-post-type-post is-style-grid-list\"  style=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"featured-articles__title wp-block-heading\">More like this<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"featured-articles__list \">\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/092117_robot_workforce-5_605.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/science-technology\/\">\n\t\t\tScience &amp; Tech\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2017\/09\/as-ai-rises-youll-likely-have-a-job-analysts-say-but-it-may-be-different\/\">The robots are coming, but relax<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IOT-vertical.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"Illustration of people walking around.\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/science-technology\/\">\n\t\t\tScience &amp; Tech\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/02\/how-regulation-can-minimize-online-risk\/\">The good, bad, and scary of the Internet of Things<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t6 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=1680,1050 1680w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/nation-world\/\">\n\t\t\tNation &amp; World\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/01\/harvard-research-helps-prepare-policy-road-for-self-driving-cars\/\">Paving the way for self-driving cars<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tlong read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe problem is these big tech companies are neither self-regulating, nor subject to adequate government regulation. I think there needs to be more of both,\u201d he said, later adding: \u201cWe can\u2019t assume that market forces by themselves will sort it out. That\u2019s a mistake, as we\u2019ve seen&nbsp;with Facebook and other tech giants.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Last fall, Sandel taught \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/gened.fas.harvard.edu\/classes\/tech-ethics\">Tech Ethics<\/a>,\u201d a popular new Gen Ed course with Doug Melton, co-director of Harvard\u2019s Stem Cell Institute. As in his legendary \u201cJustice\u201d course, students consider and debate the big questions about new technologies, everything from gene editing and robots to privacy and surveillance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cCompanies have to think seriously about the ethical dimensions of what they\u2019re doing and we, as democratic citizens, have to educate ourselves about tech and its social and ethical implications \u2014 not only to decide what the regulations should be, but also to decide what role we want big tech and social media to play in our lives,\u201d said Sandel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Doing that will require a major educational intervention, both at Harvard and in higher education more broadly, he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe have to enable all students to learn enough about tech and about the ethical implications of new technologies so that when they are running companies or when they are acting as democratic citizens, they will be able to ensure that technology serves human purposes rather than undermines a decent civic life.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Next: The <a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/11\/risks-and-benefits-of-an-ai-revolution-in-medicine\/\">AI revolution in medicine<\/a> may lift personalized treatment, fill gaps in access to care, and cut red tape. Yet risks abound.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Harvard experts examine the promise and potential pitfalls as AI takes a bigger decision-making role in more industries.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":131912115,"featured_media":312802,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"gz_ga_pageviews":967,"gz_ga_lastupdated":"2026-04-12 00:42","document_color_palette":"green","author":"Christina Pazzanese","affiliation":"Harvard Staff Writer","_category_override":"","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":"41079","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[41079],"tags":[3793,5305,8168,11718,12666,12912,14734,15457,15846,39038,19397,46806,20394,21068,23912,29794,46805],"gazette-formats":[],"series":[],"class_list":["post-301806","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business-economy","tag-amazon","tag-banking","tag-christina-pazzanese","tag-economy","tag-ethics","tag-facebook","tag-google","tag-harvard-business-school","tag-harvard-kennedy-school","tag-jason-furman","tag-jobs","tag-joseph-fuller","tag-karen-mills","tag-labor","tag-michael-sandel","tag-robots","tag-small-business-administration"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.0 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ethical concerns mount as AI takes bigger decision-making role &#8212; Harvard Gazette<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Harvard experts examine the promise and potential pitfalls as AI takes a bigger decision-making role in more industries.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/10\/ethical-concerns-mount-as-ai-takes-bigger-decision-making-role\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ethical concerns mount as AI takes bigger decision-making role\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Harvard experts examine the promise and potential pitfalls as AI takes a bigger decision-making role in more industries.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/10\/ethical-concerns-mount-as-ai-takes-bigger-decision-making-role\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Harvard Gazette\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-10-26T22:26:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-01-03T19:13:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_2_shot_2500.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1667\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Lian Parsons\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Ethical concerns mount as AI takes bigger decision-making role\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/10\/ethical-concerns-mount-as-ai-takes-bigger-decision-making-role\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/10\/ethical-concerns-mount-as-ai-takes-bigger-decision-making-role\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Lian Parsons\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/#\/schema\/person\/eb0a6f335aa1df1db33a426d73586ba4\"},\"headline\":\"Great promise but potential for peril\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-10-26T22:26:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-01-03T19:13:07+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/10\/ethical-concerns-mount-as-ai-takes-bigger-decision-making-role\/\"},\"wordCount\":2394,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/10\/ethical-concerns-mount-as-ai-takes-bigger-decision-making-role\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_2_shot_2500.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Amazon\",\"Banking\",\"Christina Pazzanese\",\"Economy\",\"Ethics\",\"Facebook\",\"Google\",\"Harvard Business School\",\"Harvard Kennedy School\",\"Jason Furman\",\"Jobs\",\"Joseph Fuller\",\"Karen Mills\",\"Labor\",\"Michael Sandel\",\"Robots\",\"Small Business Administration\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Work &amp; 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Economy\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<h1 class=\"article-header__title wp-block-heading \">\n\t\tGreat promise but potential for peril\t<\/h1>\n\n\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<div class=\"article-header__meta\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-post-author\">\n\t\t\t<address class=\"wp-block-post-author__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"author wp-block-post-author__name\">\n\t\tChristina Pazzanese\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-post-author__byline\">\n\t\t\tHarvard Staff Writer\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/address>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<time class=\"article-header__date\" datetime=\"2020-10-26\">\n\t\t\tOctober 26, 2020\t\t<\/time>\n\n\t\t<span class=\"article-header__reading-time\">\n\t\t\tlong read\t\t<\/span>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"article-header__subheading wp-block-heading\">\n\t\t\tEthical concerns mount as AI takes bigger decision-making role in more industries\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\n<\/header>\n"},"2":{"blockName":"core\/group","attrs":{"templateLock":false,"metadata":{"name":"Article content"},"align":"wide","layout":{"type":"constrained","justifyContent":"center"},"tagName":"div","lock":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","ariaLabel":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"<em>Second in a four-part series that taps the expertise of the Harvard community to examine the promise and potential pitfalls of the rising age of artificial intelligence and machine learning<i>, and how to humanize them<\/i>.<\/em>","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p><em>Second in a four-part series that taps the expertise of the Harvard community to examine the promise and potential pitfalls of the rising age of artificial intelligence and machine learning<i>, and how to humanize them<\/i>.<\/em><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p><em>Second in a four-part series that taps the expertise of the Harvard community to examine the promise and potential pitfalls of the rising age of artificial intelligence and machine learning<i>, and how to humanize them<\/i>.<\/em><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p><em>Second in a four-part series that taps the expertise of the Harvard community to examine the promise and potential pitfalls of the rising age of artificial intelligence and machine learning<i>, and how to humanize them<\/i>.<\/em><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"For decades, artificial intelligence, or AI, was the engine of high-level STEM research. Most consumers became aware of the technology\u2019s power and potential through internet platforms like Google and Facebook, and retailer Amazon. Today, AI is essential across a vast array of industries, including health care, banking, retail, and manufacturing.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>For decades, artificial intelligence, or AI, was the engine of high-level STEM research. Most consumers became aware of the technology\u2019s power and potential through internet platforms like Google and Facebook, and retailer Amazon. Today, AI is essential across a vast array of industries, including health care, banking, retail, and manufacturing.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>For decades, artificial intelligence, or AI, was the engine of high-level STEM research. Most consumers became aware of the technology\u2019s power and potential through internet platforms like Google and Facebook, and retailer Amazon. Today, AI is essential across a vast array of industries, including health care, banking, retail, and manufacturing.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>For decades, artificial intelligence, or AI, was the engine of high-level STEM research. Most consumers became aware of the technology\u2019s power and potential through internet platforms like Google and Facebook, and retailer Amazon. Today, AI is essential across a vast array of industries, including health care, banking, retail, and manufacturing.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"harvard-gazette\/supporting-content","attrs":{"id":"df540520-7a61-4478-93c8-2c5d1313db7f","align":"left","allowedBlocks":[],"style":[],"lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":""},"innerBlocks":[{"blockName":"harvard-gazette\/featured-articles","attrs":{"autoGenerate":false,"inPostContent":true,"postIds":[312804,312074,312071],"showDate":false,"showExcerpt":false,"title":"Also in the series","className":"is-style-grid-list","category":"","carouselOnDesktop":false,"isEditor":false,"linkText":"See all book reviews","numberOfPosts":3,"passPostIds":false,"postOverrides":[],"postTypeOverride":"post","receivePostIds":false,"series":"","showCategory":true,"gridColumns":2,"showDropShadow":false,"showFormat":true,"showImage":true,"showImageZoom":false,"showSeries":true,"showReadMore":true,"showReadTime":true,"tags":[],"useCurrentTerm":false,"lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","style":[]},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"","innerContent":[],"rendered":"\n\t<div class=\"featured-articles is-post-type-post is-style-grid-list\"  style=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"featured-articles__title wp-block-heading\">Also in the series<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"featured-articles__list \">\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"Illustration of people making ethical decisions.\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=1680,1050 1680w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/science-technology\/\">\n\t\t\tScience &amp; Tech\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/10\/experts-consider-the-ethical-implications-of-new-technology\/\">Trailblazing initiative marries ethics, tech<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tlong read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/AI_Med_Shot.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"Illustration of person having an X-ray.\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/AI_Med_Shot.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/AI_Med_Shot.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/AI_Med_Shot.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/AI_Med_Shot.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/AI_Med_Shot.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/health\/\">\n\t\t\tHealth\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/11\/risks-and-benefits-of-an-ai-revolution-in-medicine\/\">AI revolution in medicine<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tlong read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"Illustration of robot making decisions.\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=1680,1050 1680w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/science-technology\/\">\n\t\t\tScience &amp; Tech\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/12\/are-humans-really-the-best-role-models-for-a-robot\/\">Imagine a world in which AI is in your home, at work, everywhere<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t"}],"innerHTML":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-harvard-gazette-supporting-content alignleft supporting-content\" id=\"supporting-content-df540520-7a61-4478-93c8-2c5d1313db7f\"><\/div>\n","innerContent":["\n<div class=\"wp-block-harvard-gazette-supporting-content alignleft supporting-content\" id=\"supporting-content-df540520-7a61-4478-93c8-2c5d1313db7f\">","<\/div>\n"],"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-harvard-gazette-supporting-content alignleft supporting-content\" id=\"supporting-content-df540520-7a61-4478-93c8-2c5d1313db7f\">\n\t<div class=\"featured-articles is-post-type-post is-style-grid-list\"  style=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"featured-articles__title wp-block-heading\">Also in the series<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"featured-articles__list \">\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"Illustration of people making ethical decisions.\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=1680,1050 1680w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/science-technology\/\">\n\t\t\tScience &amp; Tech\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/10\/experts-consider-the-ethical-implications-of-new-technology\/\">Trailblazing initiative marries ethics, tech<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tlong read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/AI_Med_Shot.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"Illustration of person having an X-ray.\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/AI_Med_Shot.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/AI_Med_Shot.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/AI_Med_Shot.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/AI_Med_Shot.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/AI_Med_Shot.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/health\/\">\n\t\t\tHealth\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/11\/risks-and-benefits-of-an-ai-revolution-in-medicine\/\">AI revolution in medicine<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tlong read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"Illustration of robot making decisions.\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=1680,1050 1680w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/science-technology\/\">\n\t\t\tScience &amp; Tech\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/12\/are-humans-really-the-best-role-models-for-a-robot\/\">Imagine a world in which AI is in your home, at work, everywhere<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"But its game-changing promise to do things like improve efficiency, bring down costs, and accelerate research and development has been tempered of late with worries that these complex, opaque systems may do more societal harm than economic good. With virtually no U.S. government oversight, private companies use AI software to make determinations about health and medicine, employment, creditworthiness, and even criminal justice without having to answer for how they\u2019re ensuring that programs aren\u2019t encoded, consciously or unconsciously, with structural biases.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>But its game-changing promise to do things like improve efficiency, bring down costs, and accelerate research and development has been tempered of late with worries that these complex, opaque systems may do more societal harm than economic good. With virtually no U.S. government oversight, private companies use AI software to make determinations about health and medicine, employment, creditworthiness, and even criminal justice without having to answer for how they\u2019re ensuring that programs aren\u2019t encoded, consciously or unconsciously, with structural biases.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>But its game-changing promise to do things like improve efficiency, bring down costs, and accelerate research and development has been tempered of late with worries that these complex, opaque systems may do more societal harm than economic good. With virtually no U.S. government oversight, private companies use AI software to make determinations about health and medicine, employment, creditworthiness, and even criminal justice without having to answer for how they\u2019re ensuring that programs aren\u2019t encoded, consciously or unconsciously, with structural biases.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>But its game-changing promise to do things like improve efficiency, bring down costs, and accelerate research and development has been tempered of late with worries that these complex, opaque systems may do more societal harm than economic good. With virtually no U.S. government oversight, private companies use AI software to make determinations about health and medicine, employment, creditworthiness, and even criminal justice without having to answer for how they\u2019re ensuring that programs aren\u2019t encoded, consciously or unconsciously, with structural biases.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Its growing appeal and utility are undeniable. Worldwide business spending on AI is expected to hit $50 billion this year and $110 billion annually by 2024, even after the global economic slump caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.idc.com\/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS46794720\">forecast<\/a> released in August by technology research firm IDC. Retail and banking industries spent the most this year, at more than $5 billion each. The company expects the media industry and federal and central governments will invest most heavily between 2018 and 2023 and predicts that AI will be \u201cthe disrupting influence changing entire industries over the next decade.\u201d","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Its growing appeal and utility are undeniable. Worldwide business spending on AI is expected to hit $50 billion this year and $110 billion annually by 2024, even after the global economic slump caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.idc.com\/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS46794720\">forecast<\/a> released in August by technology research firm IDC. Retail and banking industries spent the most this year, at more than $5 billion each. The company expects the media industry and federal and central governments will invest most heavily between 2018 and 2023 and predicts that AI will be \u201cthe disrupting influence changing entire industries over the next decade.\u201d<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Its growing appeal and utility are undeniable. Worldwide business spending on AI is expected to hit $50 billion this year and $110 billion annually by 2024, even after the global economic slump caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.idc.com\/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS46794720\">forecast<\/a> released in August by technology research firm IDC. Retail and banking industries spent the most this year, at more than $5 billion each. The company expects the media industry and federal and central governments will invest most heavily between 2018 and 2023 and predicts that AI will be \u201cthe disrupting influence changing entire industries over the next decade.\u201d<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Its growing appeal and utility are undeniable. Worldwide business spending on AI is expected to hit $50 billion this year and $110 billion annually by 2024, even after the global economic slump caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.idc.com\/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS46794720\">forecast<\/a> released in August by technology research firm IDC. Retail and banking industries spent the most this year, at more than $5 billion each. The company expects the media industry and federal and central governments will invest most heavily between 2018 and 2023 and predicts that AI will be \u201cthe disrupting influence changing entire industries over the next decade.\u201d<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\u201cVirtually every big company now has multiple AI systems and counts the deployment of AI as integral to their strategy,\u201d said <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hbs.edu\/faculty\/Pages\/profile.aspx?facId=123284&amp;__hstc=44907643.add43840d65ab002103dc8b86a0183da.1527984000219.1527984000220.1527984000221.1&amp;__hssc=44907643.1.1527984000222&amp;__hsfp=1773666937\">Joseph Fuller<\/a>, professor of management practice at Harvard Business School, who co-leads <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hbs.edu\/managing-the-future-of-work\/Pages\/default.aspx\">Managing the Future of Work<\/a>, a research project that studies, in part, the development and implementation of AI, including machine learning, robotics, sensors, and industrial automation, in business and the work world.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>\u201cVirtually every big company now has multiple AI systems and counts the deployment of AI as integral to their strategy,\u201d said <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hbs.edu\/faculty\/Pages\/profile.aspx?facId=123284&amp;__hstc=44907643.add43840d65ab002103dc8b86a0183da.1527984000219.1527984000220.1527984000221.1&amp;__hssc=44907643.1.1527984000222&amp;__hsfp=1773666937\">Joseph Fuller<\/a>, professor of management practice at Harvard Business School, who co-leads <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hbs.edu\/managing-the-future-of-work\/Pages\/default.aspx\">Managing the Future of Work<\/a>, a research project that studies, in part, the development and implementation of AI, including machine learning, robotics, sensors, and industrial automation, in business and the work world.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>\u201cVirtually every big company now has multiple AI systems and counts the deployment of AI as integral to their strategy,\u201d said <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hbs.edu\/faculty\/Pages\/profile.aspx?facId=123284&amp;__hstc=44907643.add43840d65ab002103dc8b86a0183da.1527984000219.1527984000220.1527984000221.1&amp;__hssc=44907643.1.1527984000222&amp;__hsfp=1773666937\">Joseph Fuller<\/a>, professor of management practice at Harvard Business School, who co-leads <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hbs.edu\/managing-the-future-of-work\/Pages\/default.aspx\">Managing the Future of Work<\/a>, a research project that studies, in part, the development and implementation of AI, including machine learning, robotics, sensors, and industrial automation, in business and the work world.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>\u201cVirtually every big company now has multiple AI systems and counts the deployment of AI as integral to their strategy,\u201d said <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hbs.edu\/faculty\/Pages\/profile.aspx?facId=123284&amp;__hstc=44907643.add43840d65ab002103dc8b86a0183da.1527984000219.1527984000220.1527984000221.1&amp;__hssc=44907643.1.1527984000222&amp;__hsfp=1773666937\">Joseph Fuller<\/a>, professor of management practice at Harvard Business School, who co-leads <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hbs.edu\/managing-the-future-of-work\/Pages\/default.aspx\">Managing the Future of Work<\/a>, a research project that studies, in part, the development and implementation of AI, including machine learning, robotics, sensors, and industrial automation, in business and the work world.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Early on, it was popularly assumed that the future of AI would involve the automation of simple repetitive tasks requiring low-level decision-making. But AI has rapidly grown in sophistication, owing to more powerful computers and the compilation of huge data sets. One branch, machine learning, notable for its ability to sort and analyze massive amounts of data and to learn over time, has transformed countless fields, including education.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Early on, it was popularly assumed that the future of AI would involve the automation of simple repetitive tasks requiring low-level decision-making. But AI has rapidly grown in sophistication, owing to more powerful computers and the compilation of huge data sets. One branch, machine learning, notable for its ability to sort and analyze massive amounts of data and to learn over time, has transformed countless fields, including education.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Early on, it was popularly assumed that the future of AI would involve the automation of simple repetitive tasks requiring low-level decision-making. But AI has rapidly grown in sophistication, owing to more powerful computers and the compilation of huge data sets. One branch, machine learning, notable for its ability to sort and analyze massive amounts of data and to learn over time, has transformed countless fields, including education.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Early on, it was popularly assumed that the future of AI would involve the automation of simple repetitive tasks requiring low-level decision-making. But AI has rapidly grown in sophistication, owing to more powerful computers and the compilation of huge data sets. One branch, machine learning, notable for its ability to sort and analyze massive amounts of data and to learn over time, has transformed countless fields, including education.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Firms now use AI to manage sourcing of materials and products from suppliers and to integrate vast troves of information to aid in strategic decision-making, and because of its capacity to process data so quickly, AI tools are helping to minimize time in the pricey trial-and-error of product development \u2014 a critical advance for an industry like pharmaceuticals, where it costs $1 billion to bring a new pill to market, Fuller said.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Firms now use AI to manage sourcing of materials and products from suppliers and to integrate vast troves of information to aid in strategic decision-making, and because of its capacity to process data so quickly, AI tools are helping to minimize time in the pricey trial-and-error of product development \u2014 a critical advance for an industry like pharmaceuticals, where it costs $1 billion to bring a new pill to market, Fuller said.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Firms now use AI to manage sourcing of materials and products from suppliers and to integrate vast troves of information to aid in strategic decision-making, and because of its capacity to process data so quickly, AI tools are helping to minimize time in the pricey trial-and-error of product development \u2014 a critical advance for an industry like pharmaceuticals, where it costs $1 billion to bring a new pill to market, Fuller said.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Firms now use AI to manage sourcing of materials and products from suppliers and to integrate vast troves of information to aid in strategic decision-making, and because of its capacity to process data so quickly, AI tools are helping to minimize time in the pricey trial-and-error of product development \u2014 a critical advance for an industry like pharmaceuticals, where it costs $1 billion to bring a new pill to market, Fuller said.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Health care experts see many possible uses for AI, including with billing and processing necessary paperwork. And medical professionals expect that the biggest, most immediate impact will be in analysis of data, imaging, and diagnosis. Imagine, they say, having the ability to bring all of the medical knowledge available on a disease to any given treatment decision.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Health care experts see many possible uses for AI, including with billing and processing necessary paperwork. And medical professionals expect that the biggest, most immediate impact will be in analysis of data, imaging, and diagnosis. Imagine, they say, having the ability to bring all of the medical knowledge available on a disease to any given treatment decision.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Health care experts see many possible uses for AI, including with billing and processing necessary paperwork. And medical professionals expect that the biggest, most immediate impact will be in analysis of data, imaging, and diagnosis. Imagine, they say, having the ability to bring all of the medical knowledge available on a disease to any given treatment decision.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Health care experts see many possible uses for AI, including with billing and processing necessary paperwork. And medical professionals expect that the biggest, most immediate impact will be in analysis of data, imaging, and diagnosis. Imagine, they say, having the ability to bring all of the medical knowledge available on a disease to any given treatment decision.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"In employment, AI software culls and processes resumes and analyzes job interviewees\u2019 voice and facial expressions in hiring and driving the growth of what\u2019s known as \u201chybrid\u201d jobs. Rather than replacing employees, AI takes on important technical tasks of their work, like routing for package delivery trucks, which potentially frees workers to focus on other responsibilities, making them more productive and therefore more valuable to employers.<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>In employment, AI software culls and processes resumes and analyzes job interviewees\u2019 voice and facial expressions in hiring and driving the growth of what\u2019s known as \u201chybrid\u201d jobs. Rather than replacing employees, AI takes on important technical tasks of their work, like routing for package delivery trucks, which potentially frees workers to focus on other responsibilities, making them more productive and therefore more valuable to employers.<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>In employment, AI software culls and processes resumes and analyzes job interviewees\u2019 voice and facial expressions in hiring and driving the growth of what\u2019s known as \u201chybrid\u201d jobs. Rather than replacing employees, AI takes on important technical tasks of their work, like routing for package delivery trucks, which potentially frees workers to focus on other responsibilities, making them more productive and therefore more valuable to employers.<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>In employment, AI software culls and processes resumes and analyzes job interviewees\u2019 voice and facial expressions in hiring and driving the growth of what\u2019s known as \u201chybrid\u201d jobs. Rather than replacing employees, AI takes on important technical tasks of their work, like routing for package delivery trucks, which potentially frees workers to focus on other responsibilities, making them more productive and therefore more valuable to employers.<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\u201cIt\u2019s allowing them to do more stuff better, or to make fewer errors, or to capture their expertise and disseminate it more effectively in the organization,\u201d said Fuller, who has studied the effects and attitudes of workers who have lost or are likeliest to lose their jobs to AI.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s allowing them to do more stuff better, or to make fewer errors, or to capture their expertise and disseminate it more effectively in the organization,\u201d said Fuller, who has studied the effects and attitudes of workers who have lost or are likeliest to lose their jobs to AI.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s allowing them to do more stuff better, or to make fewer errors, or to capture their expertise and disseminate it more effectively in the organization,\u201d said Fuller, who has studied the effects and attitudes of workers who have lost or are likeliest to lose their jobs to AI.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s allowing them to do more stuff better, or to make fewer errors, or to capture their expertise and disseminate it more effectively in the organization,\u201d said Fuller, who has studied the effects and attitudes of workers who have lost or are likeliest to lose their jobs to AI.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/columns","attrs":{"className":"alignwide are-vertically-aligned-center media-cluster","verticalAlignment":"","isStackedOnMobile":true,"templateLock":null,"lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","layout":[],"anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[{"blockName":"core\/column","attrs":{"verticalAlignment":"center","width":"","templateLock":null,"lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","layout":[],"anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"textAlign":"","content":"\u201cCan smart machines outthink us, or are certain elements of human judgment indispensable in deciding some of the most important things in life?\u201d","level":2,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-can-smart-machines-outthink-us-or-are-certain-elements-of-human-judgment-indispensable-in-deciding-some-of-the-most-important-things-in-life\">\u201cCan smart machines outthink us, or are certain elements of human judgment indispensable in deciding some of the most important things in life?\u201d<\/h2>\n","innerContent":["\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-can-smart-machines-outthink-us-or-are-certain-elements-of-human-judgment-indispensable-in-deciding-some-of-the-most-important-things-in-life\">\u201cCan smart machines outthink us, or are certain elements of human judgment indispensable in deciding some of the most important things in life?\u201d<\/h2>\n"],"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-can-smart-machines-outthink-us-or-are-certain-elements-of-human-judgment-indispensable-in-deciding-some-of-the-most-important-things-in-life\">\u201cCan smart machines outthink us, or are certain elements of human judgment indispensable in deciding some of the most important things in life?\u201d<\/h2>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\u2014 Michael Sandel, political philosopher and Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Government","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>\u2014 Michael Sandel, political philosopher and Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Government<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>\u2014 Michael Sandel, political philosopher and Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Government<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>\u2014 Michael Sandel, political philosopher and Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Government<\/p>\n"}],"innerHTML":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\">\n\n<\/div>\n","innerContent":["\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\">","\n\n","<\/div>\n"],"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-can-smart-machines-outthink-us-or-are-certain-elements-of-human-judgment-indispensable-in-deciding-some-of-the-most-important-things-in-life\">\u201cCan smart machines outthink us, or are certain elements of human judgment indispensable in deciding some of the most important things in life?\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014 Michael Sandel, political philosopher and Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Government<\/p>\n<\/div>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/column","attrs":{"verticalAlignment":"center","width":"","templateLock":null,"lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","layout":[],"anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[{"blockName":"core\/image","attrs":{"align":"none","id":313605,"sizeSlug":"full","className":"is-resized","creditText":"","blob":"","url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2SandelPQ.jpg","alt":"Michael Sandel.","caption":"Stephanie Mitchell\/Harvard file photo\t\t\t","lightbox":[],"title":"","href":"","rel":"","linkClass":"","width":"","height":"","aspectRatio":"","scale":"","linkDestination":"","linkTarget":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"style":[],"borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2SandelPQ.jpg\" alt=\"Michael Sandel.\" class=\"wp-image-313605\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Stephanie Mitchell\/Harvard file photo\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","innerContent":["\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2SandelPQ.jpg\" alt=\"Michael Sandel.\" class=\"wp-image-313605\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Stephanie Mitchell\/Harvard file photo\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"],"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2SandelPQ.jpg\" alt=\"Michael Sandel.\" class=\"wp-image-313605\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Stephanie Mitchell\/Harvard file photo\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"}],"innerHTML":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><\/div>\n","innerContent":["\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\">","<\/div>\n"],"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2SandelPQ.jpg\" alt=\"Michael Sandel.\" class=\"wp-image-313605\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Stephanie Mitchell\/Harvard file photo\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n"}],"innerHTML":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide are-vertically-aligned-center media-cluster\">\n\n<\/div>\n","innerContent":["\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide are-vertically-aligned-center media-cluster\">","\n\n","<\/div>\n"],"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide are-vertically-aligned-center media-cluster is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-can-smart-machines-outthink-us-or-are-certain-elements-of-human-judgment-indispensable-in-deciding-some-of-the-most-important-things-in-life\">\u201cCan smart machines outthink us, or are certain elements of human judgment indispensable in deciding some of the most important things in life?\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014 Michael Sandel, political philosopher and Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Government<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2SandelPQ.jpg\" alt=\"Michael Sandel.\" class=\"wp-image-313605\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Stephanie Mitchell\/Harvard file photo\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Though automation is here to stay, the elimination of entire job categories, like highway toll-takers who were replaced by sensors because of AI\u2019s proliferation, is not likely, according to Fuller.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Though automation is here to stay, the elimination of entire job categories, like highway toll-takers who were replaced by sensors because of AI\u2019s proliferation, is not likely, according to Fuller.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Though automation is here to stay, the elimination of entire job categories, like highway toll-takers who were replaced by sensors because of AI\u2019s proliferation, is not likely, according to Fuller.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Though automation is here to stay, the elimination of entire job categories, like highway toll-takers who were replaced by sensors because of AI\u2019s proliferation, is not likely, according to Fuller.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\u201cWhat we\u2019re going to see is jobs that require human interaction, empathy, that require applying judgment to what the machine is creating [will] have robustness,\u201d he said.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>\u201cWhat we\u2019re going to see is jobs that require human interaction, empathy, that require applying judgment to what the machine is creating [will] have robustness,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>\u201cWhat we\u2019re going to see is jobs that require human interaction, empathy, that require applying judgment to what the machine is creating [will] have robustness,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>\u201cWhat we\u2019re going to see is jobs that require human interaction, empathy, that require applying judgment to what the machine is creating [will] have robustness,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"While big business already has a huge head start, small businesses could also potentially be transformed by AI, says <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hbs.edu\/competitiveness\/faculty\/Pages\/faculty-profile-details.aspx?profile=kmills\">Karen Mills<\/a> \u201975, M.B.A. \u201977, who ran the U.S. Small Business Administration from 2009 to 2013. With half the country employed by small businesses before the COVID-19 pandemic, that could have major implications for the national economy over the long haul.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>While big business already has a huge head start, small businesses could also potentially be transformed by AI, says <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hbs.edu\/competitiveness\/faculty\/Pages\/faculty-profile-details.aspx?profile=kmills\">Karen Mills<\/a> \u201975, M.B.A. \u201977, who ran the U.S. Small Business Administration from 2009 to 2013. With half the country employed by small businesses before the COVID-19 pandemic, that could have major implications for the national economy over the long haul.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>While big business already has a huge head start, small businesses could also potentially be transformed by AI, says <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hbs.edu\/competitiveness\/faculty\/Pages\/faculty-profile-details.aspx?profile=kmills\">Karen Mills<\/a> \u201975, M.B.A. \u201977, who ran the U.S. Small Business Administration from 2009 to 2013. With half the country employed by small businesses before the COVID-19 pandemic, that could have major implications for the national economy over the long haul.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>While big business already has a huge head start, small businesses could also potentially be transformed by AI, says <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hbs.edu\/competitiveness\/faculty\/Pages\/faculty-profile-details.aspx?profile=kmills\">Karen Mills<\/a> \u201975, M.B.A. \u201977, who ran the U.S. Small Business Administration from 2009 to 2013. With half the country employed by small businesses before the COVID-19 pandemic, that could have major implications for the national economy over the long haul.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Rather than hamper small businesses, the technology could give their owners detailed new insights into sales trends, cash flow, ordering, and other important financial information in real time so they can better understand how the business is doing and where problem areas might loom without having to hire anyone, become a financial expert, or spend hours laboring over the books every week, Mills said.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Rather than hamper small businesses, the technology could give their owners detailed new insights into sales trends, cash flow, ordering, and other important financial information in real time so they can better understand how the business is doing and where problem areas might loom without having to hire anyone, become a financial expert, or spend hours laboring over the books every week, Mills said.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Rather than hamper small businesses, the technology could give their owners detailed new insights into sales trends, cash flow, ordering, and other important financial information in real time so they can better understand how the business is doing and where problem areas might loom without having to hire anyone, become a financial expert, or spend hours laboring over the books every week, Mills said.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Rather than hamper small businesses, the technology could give their owners detailed new insights into sales trends, cash flow, ordering, and other important financial information in real time so they can better understand how the business is doing and where problem areas might loom without having to hire anyone, become a financial expert, or spend hours laboring over the books every week, Mills said.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"One area where AI could \u201ccompletely change the game\u201d is lending, where access to capital is difficult in part because banks often struggle to get an accurate picture of a small business\u2019s viability and creditworthiness.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>One area where AI could \u201ccompletely change the game\u201d is lending, where access to capital is difficult in part because banks often struggle to get an accurate picture of a small business\u2019s viability and creditworthiness.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>One area where AI could \u201ccompletely change the game\u201d is lending, where access to capital is difficult in part because banks often struggle to get an accurate picture of a small business\u2019s viability and creditworthiness.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>One area where AI could \u201ccompletely change the game\u201d is lending, where access to capital is difficult in part because banks often struggle to get an accurate picture of a small business\u2019s viability and creditworthiness.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\u201cIt\u2019s much harder to look inside a business operation and know what\u2019s going on\u201d than it is to assess an individual, she said.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s much harder to look inside a business operation and know what\u2019s going on\u201d than it is to assess an individual, she said.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s much harder to look inside a business operation and know what\u2019s going on\u201d than it is to assess an individual, she said.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s much harder to look inside a business operation and know what\u2019s going on\u201d than it is to assess an individual, she said.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Information opacity makes the lending process laborious and expensive for both would-be borrowers and lenders, and applications are designed to analyze larger companies or those who\u2019ve already borrowed, a built-in disadvantage for certain types of businesses and for historically underserved borrowers, like women and minority business owners, said Mills, a senior fellow at HBS.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Information opacity makes the lending process laborious and expensive for both would-be borrowers and lenders, and applications are designed to analyze larger companies or those who\u2019ve already borrowed, a built-in disadvantage for certain types of businesses and for historically underserved borrowers, like women and minority business owners, said Mills, a senior fellow at HBS.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Information opacity makes the lending process laborious and expensive for both would-be borrowers and lenders, and applications are designed to analyze larger companies or those who\u2019ve already borrowed, a built-in disadvantage for certain types of businesses and for historically underserved borrowers, like women and minority business owners, said Mills, a senior fellow at HBS.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Information opacity makes the lending process laborious and expensive for both would-be borrowers and lenders, and applications are designed to analyze larger companies or those who\u2019ve already borrowed, a built-in disadvantage for certain types of businesses and for historically underserved borrowers, like women and minority business owners, said Mills, a senior fellow at HBS.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"But with AI-powered software pulling information from a business\u2019s bank account, taxes, and online bookkeeping records and comparing it with data from thousands of similar businesses, even small community banks will be able to make informed assessments in minutes, without the agony of paperwork and delays, and, like blind auditions for musicians, without fear that any inequity crept into the decision-making.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>But with AI-powered software pulling information from a business\u2019s bank account, taxes, and online bookkeeping records and comparing it with data from thousands of similar businesses, even small community banks will be able to make informed assessments in minutes, without the agony of paperwork and delays, and, like blind auditions for musicians, without fear that any inequity crept into the decision-making.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>But with AI-powered software pulling information from a business\u2019s bank account, taxes, and online bookkeeping records and comparing it with data from thousands of similar businesses, even small community banks will be able to make informed assessments in minutes, without the agony of paperwork and delays, and, like blind auditions for musicians, without fear that any inequity crept into the decision-making.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>But with AI-powered software pulling information from a business\u2019s bank account, taxes, and online bookkeeping records and comparing it with data from thousands of similar businesses, even small community banks will be able to make informed assessments in minutes, without the agony of paperwork and delays, and, like blind auditions for musicians, without fear that any inequity crept into the decision-making.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\u201cAll of that goes away,\u201d she said.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>\u201cAll of that goes away,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>\u201cAll of that goes away,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>\u201cAll of that goes away,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"style":{"elements":{"link":{"color":{"text":"var:preset|color|secondary-green-dark"}}}},"textColor":"secondary-green-dark","textAlign":"","content":"A veneer of objectivity","level":2,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-secondary-green-dark-color has-text-color has-link-color\">A veneer of objectivity<\/h2>\n","innerContent":["\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-secondary-green-dark-color has-text-color has-link-color\">A veneer of objectivity<\/h2>\n"],"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-secondary-green-dark-color has-text-color has-link-color\">A veneer of objectivity<\/h2>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Not everyone sees blue skies on the horizon, however. Many worry whether the coming age of AI will bring new, faster, and frictionless ways to discriminate and divide at scale.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Not everyone sees blue skies on the horizon, however. Many worry whether the coming age of AI will bring new, faster, and frictionless ways to discriminate and divide at scale.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Not everyone sees blue skies on the horizon, however. Many worry whether the coming age of AI will bring new, faster, and frictionless ways to discriminate and divide at scale.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Not everyone sees blue skies on the horizon, however. Many worry whether the coming age of AI will bring new, faster, and frictionless ways to discriminate and divide at scale.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\u201cPart of the appeal of algorithmic decision-making is that it seems to offer an objective way of overcoming human subjectivity, bias, and prejudice,\u201d said political philosopher <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.harvard.edu\/sandel\/home\">Michael Sandel<\/a>, Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Government. \u201cBut we are discovering that many of the algorithms that decide who should get parole, for example, or who should be presented with employment opportunities or housing \u2026 replicate and embed the biases that already exist in our society.\u201d","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>\u201cPart of the appeal of algorithmic decision-making is that it seems to offer an objective way of overcoming human subjectivity, bias, and prejudice,\u201d said political philosopher <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.harvard.edu\/sandel\/home\">Michael Sandel<\/a>, Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Government. \u201cBut we are discovering that many of the algorithms that decide who should get parole, for example, or who should be presented with employment opportunities or housing \u2026 replicate and embed the biases that already exist in our society.\u201d<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>\u201cPart of the appeal of algorithmic decision-making is that it seems to offer an objective way of overcoming human subjectivity, bias, and prejudice,\u201d said political philosopher <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.harvard.edu\/sandel\/home\">Michael Sandel<\/a>, Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Government. \u201cBut we are discovering that many of the algorithms that decide who should get parole, for example, or who should be presented with employment opportunities or housing \u2026 replicate and embed the biases that already exist in our society.\u201d<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>\u201cPart of the appeal of algorithmic decision-making is that it seems to offer an objective way of overcoming human subjectivity, bias, and prejudice,\u201d said political philosopher <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.harvard.edu\/sandel\/home\">Michael Sandel<\/a>, Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Government. \u201cBut we are discovering that many of the algorithms that decide who should get parole, for example, or who should be presented with employment opportunities or housing \u2026 replicate and embed the biases that already exist in our society.\u201d<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/columns","attrs":{"className":"alignwide are-vertically-aligned-center media-cluster","verticalAlignment":"","isStackedOnMobile":true,"templateLock":null,"lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","layout":[],"anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[{"blockName":"core\/column","attrs":{"verticalAlignment":"center","width":"","templateLock":null,"lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","layout":[],"anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"textAlign":"","content":"\u201cIf we\u2019re not thoughtful and careful, we\u2019re going to end up with redlining again.\u201d","level":2,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-if-we-re-not-thoughtful-and-careful-we-re-going-to-end-up-with-redlining-again\">\u201cIf we\u2019re not thoughtful and careful, we\u2019re going to end up with redlining again.\u201d<\/h2>\n","innerContent":["\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-if-we-re-not-thoughtful-and-careful-we-re-going-to-end-up-with-redlining-again\">\u201cIf we\u2019re not thoughtful and careful, we\u2019re going to end up with redlining again.\u201d<\/h2>\n"],"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-if-we-re-not-thoughtful-and-careful-we-re-going-to-end-up-with-redlining-again\">\u201cIf we\u2019re not thoughtful and careful, we\u2019re going to end up with redlining again.\u201d<\/h2>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\u2014 Karen Mills, senior fellow at the Business School and head of the U.S. Small Business Administration from 2009 to 2013","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>\u2014 Karen Mills, senior fellow at the Business School and head of the U.S. Small Business Administration from 2009 to 2013<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>\u2014 Karen Mills, senior fellow at the Business School and head of the U.S. Small Business Administration from 2009 to 2013<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>\u2014 Karen Mills, senior fellow at the Business School and head of the U.S. Small Business Administration from 2009 to 2013<\/p>\n"}],"innerHTML":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\">\n\n<\/div>\n","innerContent":["\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\">","\n\n","<\/div>\n"],"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-if-we-re-not-thoughtful-and-careful-we-re-going-to-end-up-with-redlining-again\">\u201cIf we\u2019re not thoughtful and careful, we\u2019re going to end up with redlining again.\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014 Karen Mills, senior fellow at the Business School and head of the U.S. Small Business Administration from 2009 to 2013<\/p>\n<\/div>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/column","attrs":{"verticalAlignment":"center","width":"","templateLock":null,"lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","layout":[],"anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[{"blockName":"core\/image","attrs":{"align":"none","id":313609,"sizeSlug":"full","className":"is-resized","creditText":"","blob":"","url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2MillsPQ.jpg","alt":"Karen Mills.","caption":"Jon Chase\/Harvard file photo\t\t\t","lightbox":[],"title":"","href":"","rel":"","linkClass":"","width":"","height":"","aspectRatio":"","scale":"","linkDestination":"","linkTarget":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"style":[],"borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2MillsPQ.jpg\" alt=\"Karen Mills.\" class=\"wp-image-313609\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Jon Chase\/Harvard file photo\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","innerContent":["\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2MillsPQ.jpg\" alt=\"Karen Mills.\" class=\"wp-image-313609\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Jon Chase\/Harvard file photo\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"],"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2MillsPQ.jpg\" alt=\"Karen Mills.\" class=\"wp-image-313609\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Jon Chase\/Harvard file photo\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"}],"innerHTML":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><\/div>\n","innerContent":["\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\">","<\/div>\n"],"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2MillsPQ.jpg\" alt=\"Karen Mills.\" class=\"wp-image-313609\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Jon Chase\/Harvard file photo\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n"}],"innerHTML":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide are-vertically-aligned-center media-cluster\">\n\n<\/div>\n","innerContent":["\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide are-vertically-aligned-center media-cluster\">","\n\n","<\/div>\n"],"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide are-vertically-aligned-center media-cluster is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-if-we-re-not-thoughtful-and-careful-we-re-going-to-end-up-with-redlining-again\">\u201cIf we\u2019re not thoughtful and careful, we\u2019re going to end up with redlining again.\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014 Karen Mills, senior fellow at the Business School and head of the U.S. Small Business Administration from 2009 to 2013<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2MillsPQ.jpg\" alt=\"Karen Mills.\" class=\"wp-image-313609\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Jon Chase\/Harvard file photo\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"AI presents three major areas of ethical concern for society: privacy and surveillance, bias and discrimination, and perhaps the deepest, most difficult philosophical question of the era, the role of human judgment, said Sandel, who teaches a course in the moral, social, and political implications of new technologies.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>AI presents three major areas of ethical concern for society: privacy and surveillance, bias and discrimination, and perhaps the deepest, most difficult philosophical question of the era, the role of human judgment, said Sandel, who teaches a course in the moral, social, and political implications of new technologies.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>AI presents three major areas of ethical concern for society: privacy and surveillance, bias and discrimination, and perhaps the deepest, most difficult philosophical question of the era, the role of human judgment, said Sandel, who teaches a course in the moral, social, and political implications of new technologies.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>AI presents three major areas of ethical concern for society: privacy and surveillance, bias and discrimination, and perhaps the deepest, most difficult philosophical question of the era, the role of human judgment, said Sandel, who teaches a course in the moral, social, and political implications of new technologies.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\u201cDebates about privacy safeguards and about how to overcome bias in algorithmic decision-making in sentencing, parole, and employment practices are by now familiar,\u201d said Sandel, referring to conscious and unconscious prejudices of program developers and those built into\u00a0datasets used to train the software. \u201cBut we\u2019ve not yet wrapped our minds around the hardest question: Can smart machines outthink us, or are certain elements of human judgment indispensable in deciding some of the most important things in life?\u201d","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>\u201cDebates about privacy safeguards and about how to overcome bias in algorithmic decision-making in sentencing, parole, and employment practices are by now familiar,\u201d said Sandel, referring to conscious and unconscious prejudices of program developers and those built into&nbsp;datasets used to train the software. \u201cBut we\u2019ve not yet wrapped our minds around the hardest question: Can smart machines outthink us, or are certain elements of human judgment indispensable in deciding some of the most important things in life?\u201d<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>\u201cDebates about privacy safeguards and about how to overcome bias in algorithmic decision-making in sentencing, parole, and employment practices are by now familiar,\u201d said Sandel, referring to conscious and unconscious prejudices of program developers and those built into&nbsp;datasets used to train the software. \u201cBut we\u2019ve not yet wrapped our minds around the hardest question: Can smart machines outthink us, or are certain elements of human judgment indispensable in deciding some of the most important things in life?\u201d<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>\u201cDebates about privacy safeguards and about how to overcome bias in algorithmic decision-making in sentencing, parole, and employment practices are by now familiar,\u201d said Sandel, referring to conscious and unconscious prejudices of program developers and those built into&nbsp;datasets used to train the software. \u201cBut we\u2019ve not yet wrapped our minds around the hardest question: Can smart machines outthink us, or are certain elements of human judgment indispensable in deciding some of the most important things in life?\u201d<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Panic over AI suddenly injecting bias into everyday life <em>en masse<\/em> is overstated, says Fuller. First, the business world and the workplace, rife with human decision-making, have always been riddled with \u201call sorts\u201d of biases that prevent people from making deals or landing contracts and jobs.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Panic over AI suddenly injecting bias into everyday life <em>en masse<\/em> is overstated, says Fuller. First, the business world and the workplace, rife with human decision-making, have always been riddled with \u201call sorts\u201d of biases that prevent people from making deals or landing contracts and jobs.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Panic over AI suddenly injecting bias into everyday life <em>en masse<\/em> is overstated, says Fuller. First, the business world and the workplace, rife with human decision-making, have always been riddled with \u201call sorts\u201d of biases that prevent people from making deals or landing contracts and jobs.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Panic over AI suddenly injecting bias into everyday life <em>en masse<\/em> is overstated, says Fuller. First, the business world and the workplace, rife with human decision-making, have always been riddled with \u201call sorts\u201d of biases that prevent people from making deals or landing contracts and jobs.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"When calibrated carefully and deployed thoughtfully, resume-screening software allows a wider pool of applicants to be considered than could be done otherwise, and should minimize the\u00a0potential for favoritism that comes with human gatekeepers, Fuller said.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>When calibrated carefully and deployed thoughtfully, resume-screening software allows a wider pool of applicants to be considered than could be done otherwise, and should minimize the&nbsp;potential for favoritism that comes with human gatekeepers, Fuller said.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>When calibrated carefully and deployed thoughtfully, resume-screening software allows a wider pool of applicants to be considered than could be done otherwise, and should minimize the&nbsp;potential for favoritism that comes with human gatekeepers, Fuller said.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>When calibrated carefully and deployed thoughtfully, resume-screening software allows a wider pool of applicants to be considered than could be done otherwise, and should minimize the&nbsp;potential for favoritism that comes with human gatekeepers, Fuller said.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Sandel disagrees. \u201cAI not only replicates human biases, it confers on these biases a kind of scientific credibility. It makes it seem that these predictions and judgments have an objective status,\u201d he said.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Sandel disagrees. \u201cAI not only replicates human biases, it confers on these biases a kind of scientific credibility. It makes it seem that these predictions and judgments have an objective status,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Sandel disagrees. \u201cAI not only replicates human biases, it confers on these biases a kind of scientific credibility. It makes it seem that these predictions and judgments have an objective status,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Sandel disagrees. \u201cAI not only replicates human biases, it confers on these biases a kind of scientific credibility. It makes it seem that these predictions and judgments have an objective status,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"In the world of lending, algorithm-driven decisions do have a potential \u201cdark side,\u201d Mills said. As machines learn from data sets they\u2019re fed, chances are \u201cpretty high\u201d they may replicate many of the banking industry\u2019s past failings that resulted in systematic disparate treatment of African Americans and other marginalized consumers.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>In the world of lending, algorithm-driven decisions do have a potential \u201cdark side,\u201d Mills said. As machines learn from data sets they\u2019re fed, chances are \u201cpretty high\u201d they may replicate many of the banking industry\u2019s past failings that resulted in systematic disparate treatment of African Americans and other marginalized consumers.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>In the world of lending, algorithm-driven decisions do have a potential \u201cdark side,\u201d Mills said. As machines learn from data sets they\u2019re fed, chances are \u201cpretty high\u201d they may replicate many of the banking industry\u2019s past failings that resulted in systematic disparate treatment of African Americans and other marginalized consumers.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>In the world of lending, algorithm-driven decisions do have a potential \u201cdark side,\u201d Mills said. As machines learn from data sets they\u2019re fed, chances are \u201cpretty high\u201d they may replicate many of the banking industry\u2019s past failings that resulted in systematic disparate treatment of African Americans and other marginalized consumers.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\u201cIf we\u2019re not thoughtful and careful, we\u2019re going to end up with redlining again,\u201d she said.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>\u201cIf we\u2019re not thoughtful and careful, we\u2019re going to end up with redlining again,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>\u201cIf we\u2019re not thoughtful and careful, we\u2019re going to end up with redlining again,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>\u201cIf we\u2019re not thoughtful and careful, we\u2019re going to end up with redlining again,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"A highly regulated industry, banks are legally on the hook if the algorithms they use to evaluate loan applications end up inappropriately discriminating against classes of consumers, so those \u201cat the top levels\u201d in the field are \u201cvery focused\u201d right now on this issue, said Mills, who closely studies the rapid changes in financial technology, or \u201cfintech.\u201d","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>A highly regulated industry, banks are legally on the hook if the algorithms they use to evaluate loan applications end up inappropriately discriminating against classes of consumers, so those \u201cat the top levels\u201d in the field are \u201cvery focused\u201d right now on this issue, said Mills, who closely studies the rapid changes in financial technology, or \u201cfintech.\u201d<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>A highly regulated industry, banks are legally on the hook if the algorithms they use to evaluate loan applications end up inappropriately discriminating against classes of consumers, so those \u201cat the top levels\u201d in the field are \u201cvery focused\u201d right now on this issue, said Mills, who closely studies the rapid changes in financial technology, or \u201cfintech.\u201d<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>A highly regulated industry, banks are legally on the hook if the algorithms they use to evaluate loan applications end up inappropriately discriminating against classes of consumers, so those \u201cat the top levels\u201d in the field are \u201cvery focused\u201d right now on this issue, said Mills, who closely studies the rapid changes in financial technology, or \u201cfintech.\u201d<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\u201cThey really don\u2019t want to discriminate. They want to get access to capital to the most creditworthy borrowers,\u201d she said. \u201cThat\u2019s good business for them, too.\u201d","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>\u201cThey really don\u2019t want to discriminate. They want to get access to capital to the most creditworthy borrowers,\u201d she said. \u201cThat\u2019s good business for them, too.\u201d<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>\u201cThey really don\u2019t want to discriminate. They want to get access to capital to the most creditworthy borrowers,\u201d she said. \u201cThat\u2019s good business for them, too.\u201d<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>\u201cThey really don\u2019t want to discriminate. They want to get access to capital to the most creditworthy borrowers,\u201d she said. \u201cThat\u2019s good business for them, too.\u201d<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"style":{"elements":{"link":{"color":{"text":"var:preset|color|secondary-green-dark"}}}},"textColor":"secondary-green-dark","textAlign":"","content":"Oversight overwhelmed","level":2,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-secondary-green-dark-color has-text-color has-link-color\">Oversight overwhelmed<\/h2>\n","innerContent":["\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-secondary-green-dark-color has-text-color has-link-color\">Oversight overwhelmed<\/h2>\n"],"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-secondary-green-dark-color has-text-color has-link-color\">Oversight overwhelmed<\/h2>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Given its power and expected ubiquity, some argue that the use of AI should be tightly regulated. But there\u2019s little consensus on how that should be done and who should make the rules.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Given its power and expected ubiquity, some argue that the use of AI should be tightly regulated. But there\u2019s little consensus on how that should be done and who should make the rules.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Given its power and expected ubiquity, some argue that the use of AI should be tightly regulated. But there\u2019s little consensus on how that should be done and who should make the rules.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Given its power and expected ubiquity, some argue that the use of AI should be tightly regulated. But there\u2019s little consensus on how that should be done and who should make the rules.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Thus far, companies that develop or use AI systems largely self-police, relying on existing laws and market forces, like negative reactions from consumers and shareholders or the demands of highly-prized AI technical talent to keep them in line.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Thus far, companies that develop or use AI systems largely self-police, relying on existing laws and market forces, like negative reactions from consumers and shareholders or the demands of highly-prized AI technical talent to keep them in line.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Thus far, companies that develop or use AI systems largely self-police, relying on existing laws and market forces, like negative reactions from consumers and shareholders or the demands of highly-prized AI technical talent to keep them in line.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Thus far, companies that develop or use AI systems largely self-police, relying on existing laws and market forces, like negative reactions from consumers and shareholders or the demands of highly-prized AI technical talent to keep them in line.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\u201cThere\u2019s no businessperson on the planet at an enterprise of any size that isn\u2019t concerned about this and trying to reflect on what\u2019s going to be politically, legally, regulatorily, [or] ethically acceptable,\u201d said Fuller.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>\u201cThere\u2019s no businessperson on the planet at an enterprise of any size that isn\u2019t concerned about this and trying to reflect on what\u2019s going to be politically, legally, regulatorily, [or] ethically acceptable,\u201d said Fuller.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>\u201cThere\u2019s no businessperson on the planet at an enterprise of any size that isn\u2019t concerned about this and trying to reflect on what\u2019s going to be politically, legally, regulatorily, [or] ethically acceptable,\u201d said Fuller.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>\u201cThere\u2019s no businessperson on the planet at an enterprise of any size that isn\u2019t concerned about this and trying to reflect on what\u2019s going to be politically, legally, regulatorily, [or] ethically acceptable,\u201d said Fuller.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Firms already consider their own potential liability from misuse before a product launch, but it\u2019s not realistic to expect companies to anticipate and prevent every possible unintended consequence of their product, he said.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Firms already consider their own potential liability from misuse before a product launch, but it\u2019s not realistic to expect companies to anticipate and prevent every possible unintended consequence of their product, he said.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Firms already consider their own potential liability from misuse before a product launch, but it\u2019s not realistic to expect companies to anticipate and prevent every possible unintended consequence of their product, he said.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Firms already consider their own potential liability from misuse before a product launch, but it\u2019s not realistic to expect companies to anticipate and prevent every possible unintended consequence of their product, he said.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Few think the federal government is up to the job, or will ever be.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Few think the federal government is up to the job, or will ever be.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Few think the federal government is up to the job, or will ever be.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Few think the federal government is up to the job, or will ever be.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\u201cThe regulatory bodies are not equipped with the expertise in artificial intelligence to engage in [oversight] without some real focus and investment,\u201d said Fuller, noting the rapid rate of technological change means even the most informed legislators can\u2019t keep pace. Requiring every new product using AI to be prescreened for potential social harms is not only impractical, but would create a huge drag on innovation.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>\u201cThe regulatory bodies are not equipped with the expertise in artificial intelligence to engage in [oversight] without some real focus and investment,\u201d said Fuller, noting the rapid rate of technological change means even the most informed legislators can\u2019t keep pace. Requiring every new product using AI to be prescreened for potential social harms is not only impractical, but would create a huge drag on innovation.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>\u201cThe regulatory bodies are not equipped with the expertise in artificial intelligence to engage in [oversight] without some real focus and investment,\u201d said Fuller, noting the rapid rate of technological change means even the most informed legislators can\u2019t keep pace. Requiring every new product using AI to be prescreened for potential social harms is not only impractical, but would create a huge drag on innovation.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>\u201cThe regulatory bodies are not equipped with the expertise in artificial intelligence to engage in [oversight] without some real focus and investment,\u201d said Fuller, noting the rapid rate of technological change means even the most informed legislators can\u2019t keep pace. Requiring every new product using AI to be prescreened for potential social harms is not only impractical, but would create a huge drag on innovation.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/columns","attrs":{"className":"alignwide are-vertically-aligned-center media-cluster","verticalAlignment":"","isStackedOnMobile":true,"templateLock":null,"lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","layout":[],"anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[{"blockName":"core\/column","attrs":{"verticalAlignment":"center","width":"","templateLock":null,"lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","layout":[],"anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"textAlign":"","content":"\u201cI wouldn\u2019t have a central AI group that has a division that does cars, I would have the car people have a division of people who are really good at AI.\u201d","level":2,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-i-wouldn-t-have-a-central-ai-group-that-has-a-division-that-does-cars-i-would-have-the-car-people-have-a-division-of-people-who-are-really-good-at-ai\">\u201cI wouldn\u2019t have a central AI group that has a division that does cars, I would have the car people have a division of people who are really good at AI.\u201d<\/h2>\n","innerContent":["\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-i-wouldn-t-have-a-central-ai-group-that-has-a-division-that-does-cars-i-would-have-the-car-people-have-a-division-of-people-who-are-really-good-at-ai\">\u201cI wouldn\u2019t have a central AI group that has a division that does cars, I would have the car people have a division of people who are really good at AI.\u201d<\/h2>\n"],"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-i-wouldn-t-have-a-central-ai-group-that-has-a-division-that-does-cars-i-would-have-the-car-people-have-a-division-of-people-who-are-really-good-at-ai\">\u201cI wouldn\u2019t have a central AI group that has a division that does cars, I would have the car people have a division of people who are really good at AI.\u201d<\/h2>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\u2014 Jason Furman, a professor of the practice of economic policy at the Kennedy School and a former top economic adviser to President Barack Obama","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>\u2014 Jason Furman, a professor of the practice of economic policy at the Kennedy School and a former top economic adviser to President Barack Obama<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>\u2014 Jason Furman, a professor of the practice of economic policy at the Kennedy School and a former top economic adviser to President Barack Obama<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>\u2014 Jason Furman, a professor of the practice of economic policy at the Kennedy School and a former top economic adviser to President Barack Obama<\/p>\n"}],"innerHTML":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\">\n\n<\/div>\n","innerContent":["\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\">","\n\n","<\/div>\n"],"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-i-wouldn-t-have-a-central-ai-group-that-has-a-division-that-does-cars-i-would-have-the-car-people-have-a-division-of-people-who-are-really-good-at-ai\">\u201cI wouldn\u2019t have a central AI group that has a division that does cars, I would have the car people have a division of people who are really good at AI.\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014 Jason Furman, a professor of the practice of economic policy at the Kennedy School and a former top economic adviser to President Barack Obama<\/p>\n<\/div>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/column","attrs":{"verticalAlignment":"center","width":"","templateLock":null,"lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","layout":[],"anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[{"blockName":"core\/image","attrs":{"align":"none","id":313612,"sizeSlug":"full","className":"is-resized","creditText":"","blob":"","url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2FurmanPQ.jpg","alt":"Jason Furman.","caption":"Rose Lincoln\/Harvard Staff Photographer\t\t\t","lightbox":[],"title":"","href":"","rel":"","linkClass":"","width":"","height":"","aspectRatio":"","scale":"","linkDestination":"","linkTarget":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"style":[],"borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2FurmanPQ.jpg\" alt=\"Jason Furman.\" class=\"wp-image-313612\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Rose Lincoln\/Harvard Staff Photographer\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","innerContent":["\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2FurmanPQ.jpg\" alt=\"Jason Furman.\" class=\"wp-image-313612\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Rose Lincoln\/Harvard Staff Photographer\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"],"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2FurmanPQ.jpg\" alt=\"Jason Furman.\" class=\"wp-image-313612\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Rose Lincoln\/Harvard Staff Photographer\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"}],"innerHTML":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><\/div>\n","innerContent":["\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\">","<\/div>\n"],"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2FurmanPQ.jpg\" alt=\"Jason Furman.\" class=\"wp-image-313612\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Rose Lincoln\/Harvard Staff Photographer\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n"}],"innerHTML":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide are-vertically-aligned-center media-cluster\">\n\n<\/div>\n","innerContent":["\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide are-vertically-aligned-center media-cluster\">","\n\n","<\/div>\n"],"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide are-vertically-aligned-center media-cluster is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-i-wouldn-t-have-a-central-ai-group-that-has-a-division-that-does-cars-i-would-have-the-car-people-have-a-division-of-people-who-are-really-good-at-ai\">\u201cI wouldn\u2019t have a central AI group that has a division that does cars, I would have the car people have a division of people who are really good at AI.\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014 Jason Furman, a professor of the practice of economic policy at the Kennedy School and a former top economic adviser to President Barack Obama<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2FurmanPQ.jpg\" alt=\"Jason Furman.\" class=\"wp-image-313612\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Rose Lincoln\/Harvard Staff Photographer\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hks.harvard.edu\/faculty\/jason-furman\">Jason Furman<\/a>, a professor of the practice of economic policy at Harvard Kennedy School, agrees that government regulators need \u201ca much better technical understanding of artificial intelligence to do that job well,\u201d but says they could do it.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hks.harvard.edu\/faculty\/jason-furman\">Jason Furman<\/a>, a professor of the practice of economic policy at Harvard Kennedy School, agrees that government regulators need \u201ca much better technical understanding of artificial intelligence to do that job well,\u201d but says they could do it.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hks.harvard.edu\/faculty\/jason-furman\">Jason Furman<\/a>, a professor of the practice of economic policy at Harvard Kennedy School, agrees that government regulators need \u201ca much better technical understanding of artificial intelligence to do that job well,\u201d but says they could do it.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hks.harvard.edu\/faculty\/jason-furman\">Jason Furman<\/a>, a professor of the practice of economic policy at Harvard Kennedy School, agrees that government regulators need \u201ca much better technical understanding of artificial intelligence to do that job well,\u201d but says they could do it.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Existing bodies like the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, which oversees vehicle safety, for example, could handle potential AI issues in autonomous vehicles rather than a single watchdog agency, he said.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Existing bodies like the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, which oversees vehicle safety, for example, could handle potential AI issues in autonomous vehicles rather than a single watchdog agency, he said.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Existing bodies like the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, which oversees vehicle safety, for example, could handle potential AI issues in autonomous vehicles rather than a single watchdog agency, he said.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Existing bodies like the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, which oversees vehicle safety, for example, could handle potential AI issues in autonomous vehicles rather than a single watchdog agency, he said.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\u201cI wouldn\u2019t have a central AI group that has a division that does cars, I would have the car people have a division of people who are really good at AI,\u201d said Furman, a former top economic adviser to President Barack Obama.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>\u201cI wouldn\u2019t have a central AI group that has a division that does cars, I would have the car people have a division of people who are really good at AI,\u201d said Furman, a former top economic adviser to President Barack Obama.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>\u201cI wouldn\u2019t have a central AI group that has a division that does cars, I would have the car people have a division of people who are really good at AI,\u201d said Furman, a former top economic adviser to President Barack Obama.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>\u201cI wouldn\u2019t have a central AI group that has a division that does cars, I would have the car people have a division of people who are really good at AI,\u201d said Furman, a former top economic adviser to President Barack Obama.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Though keeping AI regulation within industries does leave open the possibility of co-opted enforcement, Furman said industry-specific panels would be far more knowledgeable about the overarching technology of which AI is simply one piece, making for more thorough oversight.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Though keeping AI regulation within industries does leave open the possibility of co-opted enforcement, Furman said industry-specific panels would be far more knowledgeable about the overarching technology of which AI is simply one piece, making for more thorough oversight.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Though keeping AI regulation within industries does leave open the possibility of co-opted enforcement, Furman said industry-specific panels would be far more knowledgeable about the overarching technology of which AI is simply one piece, making for more thorough oversight.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Though keeping AI regulation within industries does leave open the possibility of co-opted enforcement, Furman said industry-specific panels would be far more knowledgeable about the overarching technology of which AI is simply one piece, making for more thorough oversight.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"While the European Union already has rigorous data-privacy laws and the European Commission is considering a formal regulatory framework for ethical use of AI, the U.S. government has historically been late when it comes to tech regulation.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>While the European Union already has rigorous data-privacy laws and the European Commission is considering a formal regulatory framework for ethical use of AI, the U.S. government has historically been late when it comes to tech regulation.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>While the European Union already has rigorous data-privacy laws and the European Commission is considering a formal regulatory framework for ethical use of AI, the U.S. government has historically been late when it comes to tech regulation.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>While the European Union already has rigorous data-privacy laws and the European Commission is considering a formal regulatory framework for ethical use of AI, the U.S. government has historically been late when it comes to tech regulation.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\u201cI think we should\u2019ve started three decades ago, but better late than never,\u201d said Furman, who thinks there needs to be a \u201cgreater sense of urgency\u201d to make lawmakers act.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>\u201cI think we should\u2019ve started three decades ago, but better late than never,\u201d said Furman, who thinks there needs to be a \u201cgreater sense of urgency\u201d to make lawmakers act.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>\u201cI think we should\u2019ve started three decades ago, but better late than never,\u201d said Furman, who thinks there needs to be a \u201cgreater sense of urgency\u201d to make lawmakers act.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>\u201cI think we should\u2019ve started three decades ago, but better late than never,\u201d said Furman, who thinks there needs to be a \u201cgreater sense of urgency\u201d to make lawmakers act.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Business leaders \u201ccan\u2019t have it both ways,\u201d refusing responsibility for AI\u2019s harmful consequences while also fighting government oversight, Sandel maintains.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Business leaders \u201ccan\u2019t have it both ways,\u201d refusing responsibility for AI\u2019s harmful consequences while also fighting government oversight, Sandel maintains.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Business leaders \u201ccan\u2019t have it both ways,\u201d refusing responsibility for AI\u2019s harmful consequences while also fighting government oversight, Sandel maintains.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Business leaders \u201ccan\u2019t have it both ways,\u201d refusing responsibility for AI\u2019s harmful consequences while also fighting government oversight, Sandel maintains.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"harvard-gazette\/supporting-content","attrs":{"id":"42be89a3-2e95-4442-99b6-bc4f4c09d474","align":"left","allowedBlocks":[],"style":[],"lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":""},"innerBlocks":[{"blockName":"harvard-gazette\/featured-articles","attrs":{"autoGenerate":false,"inPostContent":true,"postIds":[230745,292815,261286],"showDate":false,"showExcerpt":false,"title":"More like this","className":"is-style-grid-list","category":"","carouselOnDesktop":false,"isEditor":false,"linkText":"See all book reviews","numberOfPosts":3,"passPostIds":false,"postOverrides":[],"postTypeOverride":"post","receivePostIds":false,"series":"","showCategory":true,"gridColumns":2,"showDropShadow":false,"showFormat":true,"showImage":true,"showImageZoom":false,"showSeries":true,"showReadMore":true,"showReadTime":true,"tags":[],"useCurrentTerm":false,"lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","style":[]},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"","innerContent":[],"rendered":"\n\t<div class=\"featured-articles is-post-type-post is-style-grid-list\"  style=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"featured-articles__title wp-block-heading\">More like this<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"featured-articles__list \">\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/092117_robot_workforce-5_605.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/science-technology\/\">\n\t\t\tScience &amp; Tech\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2017\/09\/as-ai-rises-youll-likely-have-a-job-analysts-say-but-it-may-be-different\/\">The robots are coming, but relax<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IOT-vertical.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"Illustration of people walking around.\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/science-technology\/\">\n\t\t\tScience &amp; Tech\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/02\/how-regulation-can-minimize-online-risk\/\">The good, bad, and scary of the Internet of Things<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t6 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=1680,1050 1680w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/nation-world\/\">\n\t\t\tNation &amp; World\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/01\/harvard-research-helps-prepare-policy-road-for-self-driving-cars\/\">Paving the way for self-driving cars<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tlong read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t"}],"innerHTML":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-harvard-gazette-supporting-content alignleft supporting-content\" id=\"supporting-content-42be89a3-2e95-4442-99b6-bc4f4c09d474\"><\/div>\n","innerContent":["\n<div class=\"wp-block-harvard-gazette-supporting-content alignleft supporting-content\" id=\"supporting-content-42be89a3-2e95-4442-99b6-bc4f4c09d474\">","<\/div>\n"],"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-harvard-gazette-supporting-content alignleft supporting-content\" id=\"supporting-content-42be89a3-2e95-4442-99b6-bc4f4c09d474\">\n\t<div class=\"featured-articles is-post-type-post is-style-grid-list\"  style=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"featured-articles__title wp-block-heading\">More like this<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"featured-articles__list \">\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/092117_robot_workforce-5_605.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/science-technology\/\">\n\t\t\tScience &amp; Tech\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2017\/09\/as-ai-rises-youll-likely-have-a-job-analysts-say-but-it-may-be-different\/\">The robots are coming, but relax<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IOT-vertical.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"Illustration of people walking around.\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/science-technology\/\">\n\t\t\tScience &amp; Tech\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/02\/how-regulation-can-minimize-online-risk\/\">The good, bad, and scary of the Internet of Things<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t6 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=1680,1050 1680w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/nation-world\/\">\n\t\t\tNation &amp; World\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/01\/harvard-research-helps-prepare-policy-road-for-self-driving-cars\/\">Paving the way for self-driving cars<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tlong read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\u201cThe problem is these big tech companies are neither self-regulating, nor subject to adequate government regulation. I think there needs to be more of both,\u201d he said, later adding: \u201cWe can\u2019t assume that market forces by themselves will sort it out. That\u2019s a mistake, as we\u2019ve seen\u00a0with Facebook and other tech giants.\u201d","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>\u201cThe problem is these big tech companies are neither self-regulating, nor subject to adequate government regulation. I think there needs to be more of both,\u201d he said, later adding: \u201cWe can\u2019t assume that market forces by themselves will sort it out. That\u2019s a mistake, as we\u2019ve seen&nbsp;with Facebook and other tech giants.\u201d<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>\u201cThe problem is these big tech companies are neither self-regulating, nor subject to adequate government regulation. I think there needs to be more of both,\u201d he said, later adding: \u201cWe can\u2019t assume that market forces by themselves will sort it out. That\u2019s a mistake, as we\u2019ve seen&nbsp;with Facebook and other tech giants.\u201d<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>\u201cThe problem is these big tech companies are neither self-regulating, nor subject to adequate government regulation. I think there needs to be more of both,\u201d he said, later adding: \u201cWe can\u2019t assume that market forces by themselves will sort it out. That\u2019s a mistake, as we\u2019ve seen&nbsp;with Facebook and other tech giants.\u201d<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Last fall, Sandel taught \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/gened.fas.harvard.edu\/classes\/tech-ethics\">Tech Ethics<\/a>,\u201d a popular new Gen Ed course with Doug Melton, co-director of Harvard\u2019s Stem Cell Institute. As in his legendary \u201cJustice\u201d course, students consider and debate the big questions about new technologies, everything from gene editing and robots to privacy and surveillance.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Last fall, Sandel taught \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/gened.fas.harvard.edu\/classes\/tech-ethics\">Tech Ethics<\/a>,\u201d a popular new Gen Ed course with Doug Melton, co-director of Harvard\u2019s Stem Cell Institute. As in his legendary \u201cJustice\u201d course, students consider and debate the big questions about new technologies, everything from gene editing and robots to privacy and surveillance.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Last fall, Sandel taught \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/gened.fas.harvard.edu\/classes\/tech-ethics\">Tech Ethics<\/a>,\u201d a popular new Gen Ed course with Doug Melton, co-director of Harvard\u2019s Stem Cell Institute. As in his legendary \u201cJustice\u201d course, students consider and debate the big questions about new technologies, everything from gene editing and robots to privacy and surveillance.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Last fall, Sandel taught \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/gened.fas.harvard.edu\/classes\/tech-ethics\">Tech Ethics<\/a>,\u201d a popular new Gen Ed course with Doug Melton, co-director of Harvard\u2019s Stem Cell Institute. As in his legendary \u201cJustice\u201d course, students consider and debate the big questions about new technologies, everything from gene editing and robots to privacy and surveillance.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\u201cCompanies have to think seriously about the ethical dimensions of what they\u2019re doing and we, as democratic citizens, have to educate ourselves about tech and its social and ethical implications \u2014 not only to decide what the regulations should be, but also to decide what role we want big tech and social media to play in our lives,\u201d said Sandel.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>\u201cCompanies have to think seriously about the ethical dimensions of what they\u2019re doing and we, as democratic citizens, have to educate ourselves about tech and its social and ethical implications \u2014 not only to decide what the regulations should be, but also to decide what role we want big tech and social media to play in our lives,\u201d said Sandel.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>\u201cCompanies have to think seriously about the ethical dimensions of what they\u2019re doing and we, as democratic citizens, have to educate ourselves about tech and its social and ethical implications \u2014 not only to decide what the regulations should be, but also to decide what role we want big tech and social media to play in our lives,\u201d said Sandel.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>\u201cCompanies have to think seriously about the ethical dimensions of what they\u2019re doing and we, as democratic citizens, have to educate ourselves about tech and its social and ethical implications \u2014 not only to decide what the regulations should be, but also to decide what role we want big tech and social media to play in our lives,\u201d said Sandel.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Doing that will require a major educational intervention, both at Harvard and in higher education more broadly, he said.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Doing that will require a major educational intervention, both at Harvard and in higher education more broadly, he said.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Doing that will require a major educational intervention, both at Harvard and in higher education more broadly, he said.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Doing that will require a major educational intervention, both at Harvard and in higher education more broadly, he said.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\u201cWe have to enable all students to learn enough about tech and about the ethical implications of new technologies so that when they are running companies or when they are acting as democratic citizens, they will be able to ensure that technology serves human purposes rather than undermines a decent civic life.\u201d","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>\u201cWe have to enable all students to learn enough about tech and about the ethical implications of new technologies so that when they are running companies or when they are acting as democratic citizens, they will be able to ensure that technology serves human purposes rather than undermines a decent civic life.\u201d<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>\u201cWe have to enable all students to learn enough about tech and about the ethical implications of new technologies so that when they are running companies or when they are acting as democratic citizens, they will be able to ensure that technology serves human purposes rather than undermines a decent civic life.\u201d<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>\u201cWe have to enable all students to learn enough about tech and about the ethical implications of new technologies so that when they are running companies or when they are acting as democratic citizens, they will be able to ensure that technology serves human purposes rather than undermines a decent civic life.\u201d<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"<strong><em>Next: The <a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/11\/risks-and-benefits-of-an-ai-revolution-in-medicine\/\">AI revolution in medicine<\/a> may lift personalized treatment, fill gaps in access to care, and cut red tape. Yet risks abound.<\/em><\/strong>","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p><strong><em>Next: The <a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/11\/risks-and-benefits-of-an-ai-revolution-in-medicine\/\">AI revolution in medicine<\/a> may lift personalized treatment, fill gaps in access to care, and cut red tape. Yet risks abound.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p><strong><em>Next: The <a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/11\/risks-and-benefits-of-an-ai-revolution-in-medicine\/\">AI revolution in medicine<\/a> may lift personalized treatment, fill gaps in access to care, and cut red tape. Yet risks abound.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p><strong><em>Next: The <a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/11\/risks-and-benefits-of-an-ai-revolution-in-medicine\/\">AI revolution in medicine<\/a> may lift personalized treatment, fill gaps in access to care, and cut red tape. Yet risks abound.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n"}],"innerHTML":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide\">\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n","innerContent":["\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide\">","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","\n\n","<\/div>\n"],"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p><em>Second in a four-part series that taps the expertise of the Harvard community to examine the promise and potential pitfalls of the rising age of artificial intelligence and machine learning<i>, and how to humanize them<\/i>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For decades, artificial intelligence, or AI, was the engine of high-level STEM research. Most consumers became aware of the technology\u2019s power and potential through internet platforms like Google and Facebook, and retailer Amazon. Today, AI is essential across a vast array of industries, including health care, banking, retail, and manufacturing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-harvard-gazette-supporting-content alignleft supporting-content\" id=\"supporting-content-df540520-7a61-4478-93c8-2c5d1313db7f\">\n\t<div class=\"featured-articles is-post-type-post is-style-grid-list\"  style=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"featured-articles__title wp-block-heading\">Also in the series<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"featured-articles__list \">\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"Illustration of people making ethical decisions.\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/story_1_shot_2500.jpg?resize=1680,1050 1680w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/science-technology\/\">\n\t\t\tScience &amp; Tech\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/10\/experts-consider-the-ethical-implications-of-new-technology\/\">Trailblazing initiative marries ethics, tech<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tlong read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/AI_Med_Shot.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"Illustration of person having an X-ray.\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/AI_Med_Shot.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/AI_Med_Shot.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/AI_Med_Shot.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/AI_Med_Shot.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/AI_Med_Shot.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/health\/\">\n\t\t\tHealth\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/11\/risks-and-benefits-of-an-ai-revolution-in-medicine\/\">AI revolution in medicine<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tlong read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"Illustration of robot making decisions.\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Robot_Brain_v2.jpg?resize=1680,1050 1680w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/science-technology\/\">\n\t\t\tScience &amp; Tech\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/12\/are-humans-really-the-best-role-models-for-a-robot\/\">Imagine a world in which AI is in your home, at work, everywhere<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>But its game-changing promise to do things like improve efficiency, bring down costs, and accelerate research and development has been tempered of late with worries that these complex, opaque systems may do more societal harm than economic good. With virtually no U.S. government oversight, private companies use AI software to make determinations about health and medicine, employment, creditworthiness, and even criminal justice without having to answer for how they\u2019re ensuring that programs aren\u2019t encoded, consciously or unconsciously, with structural biases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Its growing appeal and utility are undeniable. Worldwide business spending on AI is expected to hit $50 billion this year and $110 billion annually by 2024, even after the global economic slump caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.idc.com\/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS46794720\">forecast<\/a> released in August by technology research firm IDC. Retail and banking industries spent the most this year, at more than $5 billion each. The company expects the media industry and federal and central governments will invest most heavily between 2018 and 2023 and predicts that AI will be \u201cthe disrupting influence changing entire industries over the next decade.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cVirtually every big company now has multiple AI systems and counts the deployment of AI as integral to their strategy,\u201d said <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hbs.edu\/faculty\/Pages\/profile.aspx?facId=123284&amp;__hstc=44907643.add43840d65ab002103dc8b86a0183da.1527984000219.1527984000220.1527984000221.1&amp;__hssc=44907643.1.1527984000222&amp;__hsfp=1773666937\">Joseph Fuller<\/a>, professor of management practice at Harvard Business School, who co-leads <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hbs.edu\/managing-the-future-of-work\/Pages\/default.aspx\">Managing the Future of Work<\/a>, a research project that studies, in part, the development and implementation of AI, including machine learning, robotics, sensors, and industrial automation, in business and the work world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Early on, it was popularly assumed that the future of AI would involve the automation of simple repetitive tasks requiring low-level decision-making. But AI has rapidly grown in sophistication, owing to more powerful computers and the compilation of huge data sets. One branch, machine learning, notable for its ability to sort and analyze massive amounts of data and to learn over time, has transformed countless fields, including education.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Firms now use AI to manage sourcing of materials and products from suppliers and to integrate vast troves of information to aid in strategic decision-making, and because of its capacity to process data so quickly, AI tools are helping to minimize time in the pricey trial-and-error of product development \u2014 a critical advance for an industry like pharmaceuticals, where it costs $1 billion to bring a new pill to market, Fuller said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Health care experts see many possible uses for AI, including with billing and processing necessary paperwork. And medical professionals expect that the biggest, most immediate impact will be in analysis of data, imaging, and diagnosis. Imagine, they say, having the ability to bring all of the medical knowledge available on a disease to any given treatment decision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In employment, AI software culls and processes resumes and analyzes job interviewees\u2019 voice and facial expressions in hiring and driving the growth of what\u2019s known as \u201chybrid\u201d jobs. Rather than replacing employees, AI takes on important technical tasks of their work, like routing for package delivery trucks, which potentially frees workers to focus on other responsibilities, making them more productive and therefore more valuable to employers.<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s allowing them to do more stuff better, or to make fewer errors, or to capture their expertise and disseminate it more effectively in the organization,\u201d said Fuller, who has studied the effects and attitudes of workers who have lost or are likeliest to lose their jobs to AI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide are-vertically-aligned-center media-cluster is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-can-smart-machines-outthink-us-or-are-certain-elements-of-human-judgment-indispensable-in-deciding-some-of-the-most-important-things-in-life\">\u201cCan smart machines outthink us, or are certain elements of human judgment indispensable in deciding some of the most important things in life?\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014 Michael Sandel, political philosopher and Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Government<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2SandelPQ.jpg\" alt=\"Michael Sandel.\" class=\"wp-image-313605\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Stephanie Mitchell\/Harvard file photo\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Though automation is here to stay, the elimination of entire job categories, like highway toll-takers who were replaced by sensors because of AI\u2019s proliferation, is not likely, according to Fuller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhat we\u2019re going to see is jobs that require human interaction, empathy, that require applying judgment to what the machine is creating [will] have robustness,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While big business already has a huge head start, small businesses could also potentially be transformed by AI, says <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hbs.edu\/competitiveness\/faculty\/Pages\/faculty-profile-details.aspx?profile=kmills\">Karen Mills<\/a> \u201975, M.B.A. \u201977, who ran the U.S. Small Business Administration from 2009 to 2013. With half the country employed by small businesses before the COVID-19 pandemic, that could have major implications for the national economy over the long haul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rather than hamper small businesses, the technology could give their owners detailed new insights into sales trends, cash flow, ordering, and other important financial information in real time so they can better understand how the business is doing and where problem areas might loom without having to hire anyone, become a financial expert, or spend hours laboring over the books every week, Mills said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One area where AI could \u201ccompletely change the game\u201d is lending, where access to capital is difficult in part because banks often struggle to get an accurate picture of a small business\u2019s viability and creditworthiness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s much harder to look inside a business operation and know what\u2019s going on\u201d than it is to assess an individual, she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Information opacity makes the lending process laborious and expensive for both would-be borrowers and lenders, and applications are designed to analyze larger companies or those who\u2019ve already borrowed, a built-in disadvantage for certain types of businesses and for historically underserved borrowers, like women and minority business owners, said Mills, a senior fellow at HBS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But with AI-powered software pulling information from a business\u2019s bank account, taxes, and online bookkeeping records and comparing it with data from thousands of similar businesses, even small community banks will be able to make informed assessments in minutes, without the agony of paperwork and delays, and, like blind auditions for musicians, without fear that any inequity crept into the decision-making.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAll of that goes away,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-secondary-green-dark-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d6d9084b76e872f8fcd4d65a6f4c7d8b\">A veneer of objectivity<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Not everyone sees blue skies on the horizon, however. Many worry whether the coming age of AI will bring new, faster, and frictionless ways to discriminate and divide at scale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cPart of the appeal of algorithmic decision-making is that it seems to offer an objective way of overcoming human subjectivity, bias, and prejudice,\u201d said political philosopher <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.harvard.edu\/sandel\/home\">Michael Sandel<\/a>, Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Government. \u201cBut we are discovering that many of the algorithms that decide who should get parole, for example, or who should be presented with employment opportunities or housing \u2026 replicate and embed the biases that already exist in our society.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide are-vertically-aligned-center media-cluster is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-if-we-re-not-thoughtful-and-careful-we-re-going-to-end-up-with-redlining-again\">\u201cIf we\u2019re not thoughtful and careful, we\u2019re going to end up with redlining again.\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014 Karen Mills, senior fellow at the Business School and head of the U.S. Small Business Administration from 2009 to 2013<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2MillsPQ.jpg\" alt=\"Karen Mills.\" class=\"wp-image-313609\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Jon Chase\/Harvard file photo\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>AI presents three major areas of ethical concern for society: privacy and surveillance, bias and discrimination, and perhaps the deepest, most difficult philosophical question of the era, the role of human judgment, said Sandel, who teaches a course in the moral, social, and political implications of new technologies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cDebates about privacy safeguards and about how to overcome bias in algorithmic decision-making in sentencing, parole, and employment practices are by now familiar,\u201d said Sandel, referring to conscious and unconscious prejudices of program developers and those built into&nbsp;datasets used to train the software. \u201cBut we\u2019ve not yet wrapped our minds around the hardest question: Can smart machines outthink us, or are certain elements of human judgment indispensable in deciding some of the most important things in life?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Panic over AI suddenly injecting bias into everyday life <em>en masse<\/em> is overstated, says Fuller. First, the business world and the workplace, rife with human decision-making, have always been riddled with \u201call sorts\u201d of biases that prevent people from making deals or landing contracts and jobs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When calibrated carefully and deployed thoughtfully, resume-screening software allows a wider pool of applicants to be considered than could be done otherwise, and should minimize the&nbsp;potential for favoritism that comes with human gatekeepers, Fuller said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sandel disagrees. \u201cAI not only replicates human biases, it confers on these biases a kind of scientific credibility. It makes it seem that these predictions and judgments have an objective status,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the world of lending, algorithm-driven decisions do have a potential \u201cdark side,\u201d Mills said. As machines learn from data sets they\u2019re fed, chances are \u201cpretty high\u201d they may replicate many of the banking industry\u2019s past failings that resulted in systematic disparate treatment of African Americans and other marginalized consumers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIf we\u2019re not thoughtful and careful, we\u2019re going to end up with redlining again,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A highly regulated industry, banks are legally on the hook if the algorithms they use to evaluate loan applications end up inappropriately discriminating against classes of consumers, so those \u201cat the top levels\u201d in the field are \u201cvery focused\u201d right now on this issue, said Mills, who closely studies the rapid changes in financial technology, or \u201cfintech.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThey really don\u2019t want to discriminate. They want to get access to capital to the most creditworthy borrowers,\u201d she said. \u201cThat\u2019s good business for them, too.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-secondary-green-dark-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f510387568b6cd35bbe6648a316573b2\">Oversight overwhelmed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Given its power and expected ubiquity, some argue that the use of AI should be tightly regulated. But there\u2019s little consensus on how that should be done and who should make the rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thus far, companies that develop or use AI systems largely self-police, relying on existing laws and market forces, like negative reactions from consumers and shareholders or the demands of highly-prized AI technical talent to keep them in line.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThere\u2019s no businessperson on the planet at an enterprise of any size that isn\u2019t concerned about this and trying to reflect on what\u2019s going to be politically, legally, regulatorily, [or] ethically acceptable,\u201d said Fuller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Firms already consider their own potential liability from misuse before a product launch, but it\u2019s not realistic to expect companies to anticipate and prevent every possible unintended consequence of their product, he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Few think the federal government is up to the job, or will ever be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe regulatory bodies are not equipped with the expertise in artificial intelligence to engage in [oversight] without some real focus and investment,\u201d said Fuller, noting the rapid rate of technological change means even the most informed legislators can\u2019t keep pace. Requiring every new product using AI to be prescreened for potential social harms is not only impractical, but would create a huge drag on innovation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide are-vertically-aligned-center media-cluster is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-i-wouldn-t-have-a-central-ai-group-that-has-a-division-that-does-cars-i-would-have-the-car-people-have-a-division-of-people-who-are-really-good-at-ai\">\u201cI wouldn\u2019t have a central AI group that has a division that does cars, I would have the car people have a division of people who are really good at AI.\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014 Jason Furman, a professor of the practice of economic policy at the Kennedy School and a former top economic adviser to President Barack Obama<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/AI2FurmanPQ.jpg\" alt=\"Jason Furman.\" class=\"wp-image-313612\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Rose Lincoln\/Harvard Staff Photographer\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hks.harvard.edu\/faculty\/jason-furman\">Jason Furman<\/a>, a professor of the practice of economic policy at Harvard Kennedy School, agrees that government regulators need \u201ca much better technical understanding of artificial intelligence to do that job well,\u201d but says they could do it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Existing bodies like the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, which oversees vehicle safety, for example, could handle potential AI issues in autonomous vehicles rather than a single watchdog agency, he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI wouldn\u2019t have a central AI group that has a division that does cars, I would have the car people have a division of people who are really good at AI,\u201d said Furman, a former top economic adviser to President Barack Obama.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Though keeping AI regulation within industries does leave open the possibility of co-opted enforcement, Furman said industry-specific panels would be far more knowledgeable about the overarching technology of which AI is simply one piece, making for more thorough oversight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While the European Union already has rigorous data-privacy laws and the European Commission is considering a formal regulatory framework for ethical use of AI, the U.S. government has historically been late when it comes to tech regulation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI think we should\u2019ve started three decades ago, but better late than never,\u201d said Furman, who thinks there needs to be a \u201cgreater sense of urgency\u201d to make lawmakers act.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Business leaders \u201ccan\u2019t have it both ways,\u201d refusing responsibility for AI\u2019s harmful consequences while also fighting government oversight, Sandel maintains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-harvard-gazette-supporting-content alignleft supporting-content\" id=\"supporting-content-42be89a3-2e95-4442-99b6-bc4f4c09d474\">\n\t<div class=\"featured-articles is-post-type-post is-style-grid-list\"  style=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"featured-articles__title wp-block-heading\">More like this<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"featured-articles__list \">\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/092117_robot_workforce-5_605.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/science-technology\/\">\n\t\t\tScience &amp; Tech\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2017\/09\/as-ai-rises-youll-likely-have-a-job-analysts-say-but-it-may-be-different\/\">The robots are coming, but relax<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/IOT-vertical.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"Illustration of people walking around.\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/science-technology\/\">\n\t\t\tScience &amp; Tech\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/02\/how-regulation-can-minimize-online-risk\/\">The good, bad, and scary of the Internet of Things<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t6 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/120318_Crawford_129_2500.jpg?resize=1680,1050 1680w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/nation-world\/\">\n\t\t\tNation &amp; World\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/01\/harvard-research-helps-prepare-policy-road-for-self-driving-cars\/\">Paving the way for self-driving cars<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tlong read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe problem is these big tech companies are neither self-regulating, nor subject to adequate government regulation. I think there needs to be more of both,\u201d he said, later adding: \u201cWe can\u2019t assume that market forces by themselves will sort it out. That\u2019s a mistake, as we\u2019ve seen&nbsp;with Facebook and other tech giants.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Last fall, Sandel taught \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/gened.fas.harvard.edu\/classes\/tech-ethics\">Tech Ethics<\/a>,\u201d a popular new Gen Ed course with Doug Melton, co-director of Harvard\u2019s Stem Cell Institute. As in his legendary \u201cJustice\u201d course, students consider and debate the big questions about new technologies, everything from gene editing and robots to privacy and surveillance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cCompanies have to think seriously about the ethical dimensions of what they\u2019re doing and we, as democratic citizens, have to educate ourselves about tech and its social and ethical implications \u2014 not only to decide what the regulations should be, but also to decide what role we want big tech and social media to play in our lives,\u201d said Sandel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Doing that will require a major educational intervention, both at Harvard and in higher education more broadly, he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe have to enable all students to learn enough about tech and about the ethical implications of new technologies so that when they are running companies or when they are acting as democratic citizens, they will be able to ensure that technology serves human purposes rather than undermines a decent civic life.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Next: The <a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/11\/risks-and-benefits-of-an-ai-revolution-in-medicine\/\">AI revolution in medicine<\/a> may lift personalized treatment, fill gaps in access to care, and cut red tape. Yet risks abound.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n"}},"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":126230,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2012\/12\/getting-down-to-business\/","url_meta":{"origin":301806,"position":0},"title":"Getting down to business","author":"harvardgazette","date":"December 14, 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"Advancing America\u2019s economic competitiveness should be a top priority for elected leaders, Harvard Business School professors Michael E. Porter and Jan W. Rivkin told a group of new members of Congress attending a weeklong Harvard Kennedy School crash course on the policy issues they\u2019ll face in Washington.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Nation &amp; World&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Nation &amp; World","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/nation-world\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/congress_panel_605m.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/congress_panel_605m.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/congress_panel_605m.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":322465,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2021\/03\/harvard-chan-school-program-combines-health-with-business\/","url_meta":{"origin":301806,"position":1},"title":"Harvard Chan School launches public health program for business leaders\u00a0","author":"Lian Parsons","date":"March 15, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health launches public health program for business leaders.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Work &amp; Economy&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Work &amp; Economy","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/business-economy\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Harvard Chan School.","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/AHi_j0200_13_2500.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/AHi_j0200_13_2500.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/AHi_j0200_13_2500.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/AHi_j0200_13_2500.jpg?resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":138175,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2013\/05\/a-distance-learning-pioneer\/","url_meta":{"origin":301806,"position":2},"title":"A distance-learning pioneer","author":"harvardgazette","date":"May 30, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"As the new dean of Harvard\u2019s Division of Continuing Education, Huntington D. Lambert is charged with continuing to blend technology with teaching and learning to serve highly motivated students who invest their time to advance their education through the Extension School, Summer School, Professional Development Programs, and the Institute for\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Campus &amp; Community&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Campus &amp; Community","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/campus-community\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/050313_lambert_337_605.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/050313_lambert_337_605.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/050313_lambert_337_605.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":311477,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/09\/lessons-learned-when-pandemic-pushes-summer-school-fully-online\/","url_meta":{"origin":301806,"position":3},"title":"What Harvard learned at Summer School","author":"harvardgazette","date":"September 4, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"When the pandemic pushed it totally online, Harvard Summer School strengthen its already strong virtual presence. This is what they learned.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Campus &amp; Community&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Campus &amp; Community","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/campus-community\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Entrance to Extension School on Brattle St.","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/102416_fall_JC_001_H2500.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/102416_fall_JC_001_H2500.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/102416_fall_JC_001_H2500.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/102416_fall_JC_001_H2500.jpg?resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":305858,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2020\/05\/harvard-awards-8174-degrees-certificates-over-2019-20-academic-year\/","url_meta":{"origin":301806,"position":4},"title":"Harvard awards 8,227 degrees and certificates","author":"harvardgazette","date":"May 28, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Harvard University awarded a total of 8,174 degrees and certificates over the 2019\u201320 academic year.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Campus &amp; Community&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Campus &amp; Community","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/campus-community\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Harvard flags.","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/052418_ComPM_KS_2030.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/052418_ComPM_KS_2030.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/052418_ComPM_KS_2030.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/052418_ComPM_KS_2030.jpg?resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":385629,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2024\/05\/harvard-awards-9262-degrees\/","url_meta":{"origin":301806,"position":5},"title":"Harvard awards 9,262 degrees","author":"William Cannon","date":"May 22, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Totals reflect the 2023-24 academic year","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Campus &amp; Community&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Campus &amp; Community","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/campus-community\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/052124BACC_JC_197-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/052124BACC_JC_197-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/052124BACC_JC_197-1.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/052124BACC_JC_197-1.jpg?resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/301806","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/131912115"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=301806"}],"version-history":[{"count":45,"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/301806\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":368230,"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/301806\/revisions\/368230"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/312802"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=301806"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=301806"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=301806"},{"taxonomy":"format","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gazette-formats?post=301806"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=301806"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}