{"id":291374,"date":"2019-11-12T14:14:36","date_gmt":"2019-11-12T19:14:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/?p=291374"},"modified":"2023-11-08T20:28:35","modified_gmt":"2023-11-09T01:28:35","slug":"study-tracks-dacas-benefits-limitations-for-undocumented","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/11\/study-tracks-dacas-benefits-limitations-for-undocumented\/","title":{"rendered":"Rise in social mobility of DACA recipients"},"content":{"rendered":"<header\n\tclass=\"wp-block-harvard-gazette-article-header alignfull article-header is-style-full-width-text-below centered-image\"\n\tstyle=\" \"\n>\n\t<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Roberto Gonzales looking off-camera\" height=\"1667\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/020918_Gonzales_0714_2500.jpg\" width=\"2500\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><p class=\"wp-element-caption--caption\">Harvard Professor Roberto Gonzales was the co-author of a new study that surveyed nearly 2,700 young people eligible for the DACA program in 2013.<\/p><p class=\"wp-element-caption--credit\">Rose Lincoln\/Harvard file photo<\/p><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\t<div class=\"article-header__content\">\n\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\tclass=\"article-header__category\"\n\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/nation-world\/\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\tNation &amp; World\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<h1 class=\"article-header__title wp-block-heading \">\n\t\tRise in social mobility of DACA recipients\t<\/h1>\n\n\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<div class=\"article-header__meta\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-post-author\">\n\t\t\t<address class=\"wp-block-post-author__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"author wp-block-post-author__name\">\n\t\tLiz Mineo\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-post-author__byline\">\n\t\t\tHarvard Staff Writer\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/address>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<time class=\"article-header__date\" datetime=\"2019-11-12\">\n\t\t\tNovember 12, 2019\t\t<\/time>\n\n\t\t<span class=\"article-header__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t6 min read\t\t<\/span>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"article-header__subheading wp-block-heading\">\n\t\t\tStudy tracks program\u2019s benefits and limitations for undocumented young immigrants\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\n<\/header>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n\n\n\t\t<p>Undocumented young immigrants covered by the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) policy have seen a rise in social mobility since entering the program, according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/immigrationinitiative.harvard.edu\/files\/hii\/files\/final_daca_report.pdf\">new report<\/a> by the Immigration Initiative at Harvard. Co-authored by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gse.harvard.edu\/faculty\/roberto-gonzales\">Roberto Gonzales<\/a>, professor of education at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gse.harvard.edu\/\">Graduate School of Education<\/a> (HGSE), and researchers Sayil Camacho, Kristina Brant, and Carlos Aguilar, the study arrives as the Supreme Court begins hearings over the fate of the program this week. The Trump administration announced plans to end DACA in 2017, and recipients \u2014 there are more than 800,000 in the program \u2014 sued the government. The Gazette sat down with Gonzales to talk about the report\u2019s findings, DACA\u2019s impact and limitations, and why he thinks it should be kept and expanded.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Q&amp;A<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Roberto Gonzales<\/h3>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong><\/strong> Your group followed young undocumented immigrants in DACA, the program that shields them from deportation, for seven years. What was the goal of your study?<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong> When President [Barack] Obama announced DACA in 2012, I was at the tail end of a 12-year study following a group of undocumented young adults in Los Angeles. I had spent so much time thinking about how undocumented status thwarted the aspirations and trajectories of these young people, so I jumped at the chance to study the effects of a policy seeking to remedy some of the issues that had narrowly circumscribed their young lives. Simply put, our DACA research sought to understand how young adults were experiencing this new status and how other contexts in their lives were mediating this status. So, we carried out a national survey of young people eligible for the program in 2013, surveying nearly 2,700 respondents. Then we carried out case studies in six U.S. states, and interviewed 408 DACA beneficiaries in 2015, 2016, and then again in 2019.<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong><\/strong> And you found that the impact of DACA was overwhelmingly positive. What have been the outcomes in terms of higher education and employment?<\/p>\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-harvard-gazette-supporting-content alignleft supporting-content\" id=\"supporting-content-0577b051-7dad-4b6a-ae24-303f33e89b88\">\n\t<div class=\"featured-articles is-post-type-post is-style-grid-list\"  style=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"featured-articles__title wp-block-heading\">More like this<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"featured-articles__list \">\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"People holding hands over posters\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=1680,1050 1680w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/campus-community\/\">\n\t\t\tCampus &amp; Community\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/11\/at-harvard-hundreds-rally-to-defend-daca\/\">Hundreds rally to defend DACA<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time class=\"featured-article__date\" datetime=\"2019-11-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNovember 12, 2019\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"Roberto Gonzales gives presentation at podium.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=1680,1050 1680w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/campus-community\/\">\n\t\t\tCampus &amp; Community\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/05\/harvard-professor-community-mentors-make-difference-for-daca-recipients\/\">Mentors make the difference<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time class=\"featured-article__date\" datetime=\"2019-05-15\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMay 15, 2019\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t6 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=1680,1050 1680w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/nation-world\/\">\n\t\t\tNation &amp; World\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2018\/02\/a-harvard-discussion-series-highlights-the-concerns-of-daca-students\/\">Concern over a DACA deadline<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time class=\"featured-article__date\" datetime=\"2018-02-23\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFebruary 23, 2018\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t8 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/091517_hksdaca_012_605.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/nation-world\/\">\n\t\t\tNation &amp; World\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2017\/09\/on-daca-panel-finds-more-questions-than-answers\/\">On DACA, questions top answers<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time class=\"featured-article__date\" datetime=\"2017-09-18\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSeptember 18, 2017\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t5 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong>\u00a0There are many obvious limitations to an administrative policy that doesn&#8217;t provide a pathway to legalization and only benefits a small segment of a much larger population. Nevertheless, I would argue that DACA is the most successful policy of immigrant integration in recent decades. In the short term, DACA provided its beneficiaries newfound opportunities to work, drive, establish credit, access health insurance, and enroll in higher education. With work authorization, they felt more confident to make investments in educational and degree programs. Earning higher wages also helped them to better afford postsecondary education. Over time, they were able to turn these opportunities into tangible career opportunities, finding employment that matched their education and credentials. Our respondents pursued careers in medicine, computer science, architecture, and law. They became teachers and social workers. And they pursued academic careers.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>During a Veterans Day <a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/11\/at-harvard-hundreds-rally-to-defend-daca\/\">rally<\/a>, hundreds of Harvard students and others proclaimed their support for DACA safeguards.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong><\/strong> What was the most unexpected finding in your report?<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong>\u00a0In my earlier work on undocumented young adults, the biggest surprise was the health consequences of undocumented status. Almost to a person, my respondents described physical and emotional manifestations of stress. It made very clear to me the strong link between undocumented status and strained well-being. With DACA, our respondents were reporting reduced stress in their daily lives and less fear of authorities. We\u2019ve also seen clear differences shaped by the age at which respondents received DACA, with older respondents employing a \u201cdual frame of reference\u201d \u2014 they were able to assess their lives under DACA by comparing them to their experiences prior to having that status \u2014 and younger respondents who were able to follow more normative adolescent transitions, but were more critical of DACA&#8217;s limitations.<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong><\/strong> Your study also found that despite the benefits of DACA, its limitations create barriers in the lives of young people. Could you explain what those are and their effects?<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong>\u00a0Some of the more obvious drawbacks to DACA are 1) that it doesn\u2019t provide a pathway to legalization, and 2) that it does not override exclusions from federal financial aid. But another major issue is DACA\u2019s limited reach. More than 800,000 young people have benefited from DACA. But most of these young people are connected to parents and other family members who do not have access to the same protections and access. Many of our respondents have taken on additional responsibilities at home \u2014 driving family members to and from work, taking on extra work in order to contribute more substantially to household expenses. Many of our respondents expressed that they were happy to assume these new roles. Nevertheless, this imbalance in power and access to resources created new strains and burdens for young people, now more strongly tethered to their families.<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong> <\/strong>What kind of future for the more than 800,000 DACA recipients can you envision if DACA is actually terminated? What about the thousands of others who could apply for DACA? What would happen to them?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong> If DACA is eventually terminated without a legislative solution to replace it, it would be a major setback for hundreds of thousands of young people and their families. Over these last seven years, DACA beneficiaries have made tremendous gains in their careers and their well-being. Undoing these gains would have untold consequences on entire communities. For young people who have experienced access to lawful employment, driver\u2019s licenses, and an overall better quality of life, stripping away those rights would be potentially devastating to their mental and emotional well-being. For those coming of age into DACA eligibility \u2014 it is estimated that 125,000 undocumented students reach high school graduation age each year \u2014 those who have seen older siblings and members of their community experience DACA\u2019s benefits, their futures will be limited to the limited benefits their states and counties might generate through local policies.<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong><\/strong> And finally, what are your hopes for the future of DACA as the Supreme Court begins DACA hearings this week?<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong> The Supreme Court is ruling on the legality of the Trump administration\u2019s termination of DACA, not the legality of DACA itself. So, if the Supreme Court rules against the Trump administration and preserves DACA, it could still eventually be terminated. But the timeline would push things into an election year, and that might be enough to extend protections and give Congress more time to find a more permanent solution. That would be the most favorable scenario.<\/p>\n<p><em>This interview has been edited and condensed for clarity and length.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Harvard Professor Roberto Gonzales talks about the findings of his report,<br \/>\nthe impact the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) has had on the lives of thousands of young people who have benefited from it. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":131912115,"featured_media":291385,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"gz_ga_pageviews":26,"gz_ga_lastupdated":"2022-05-16 11:40","document_color_palette":"crimson","author":"Liz Mineo","affiliation":"Harvard Staff Writer","_category_override":"","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1378],"tags":[44717,10507,14829,44716,44715,29754],"gazette-formats":[],"series":[],"class_list":["post-291374","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nation-world","tag-daca-hearings","tag-deferred-action-for-childhood-arrivals-daca","tag-graduate-school-of-education","tag-immigration-initiative-at-harvard","tag-national-undacamented-research-project-nurp","tag-roberto-gonzales"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.0 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Study tracks DACA\u2019s benefits, limitations for undocumented &#8212; Harvard Gazette<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Harvard Professor Roberto Gonzales talks about the findings of his report, the impact the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) has had on the lives of thousands of young people who have benefited from it.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/11\/study-tracks-dacas-benefits-limitations-for-undocumented\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Study tracks DACA\u2019s benefits, limitations for undocumented\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Harvard Professor Roberto Gonzales talks about the findings of his report, the impact the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) has had on the lives of thousands of young people who have benefited from it.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/11\/study-tracks-dacas-benefits-limitations-for-undocumented\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Harvard Gazette\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-11-12T19:14:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-11-09T01:28:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/020918_Gonzales_0714_2500.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1667\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Lian Parsons\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Study tracks DACA\u2019s benefits, limitations for undocumented\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/11\/study-tracks-dacas-benefits-limitations-for-undocumented\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/11\/study-tracks-dacas-benefits-limitations-for-undocumented\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Lian Parsons\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/#\/schema\/person\/eb0a6f335aa1df1db33a426d73586ba4\"},\"headline\":\"Rise in social mobility of DACA recipients\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-11-12T19:14:36+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-11-09T01:28:35+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/11\/study-tracks-dacas-benefits-limitations-for-undocumented\/\"},\"wordCount\":1106,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/11\/study-tracks-dacas-benefits-limitations-for-undocumented\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/020918_Gonzales_0714_2500.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"DACA hearings\",\"Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)\",\"Graduate School of Education\",\"Immigration Initiative at Harvard\",\"National UnDACAmented Research Project (NURP)\",\"Roberto Gonzales\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Nation &amp; 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World\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<h1 class=\"article-header__title wp-block-heading \">\n\t\tRise in social mobility of DACA recipients\t<\/h1>\n\n\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<div class=\"article-header__meta\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-post-author\">\n\t\t\t<address class=\"wp-block-post-author__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"author wp-block-post-author__name\">\n\t\tLiz Mineo\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-post-author__byline\">\n\t\t\tHarvard Staff Writer\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/address>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<time class=\"article-header__date\" datetime=\"2019-11-12\">\n\t\t\tNovember 12, 2019\t\t<\/time>\n\n\t\t<span class=\"article-header__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t6 min read\t\t<\/span>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"article-header__subheading wp-block-heading\">\n\t\t\tStudy tracks program\u2019s benefits and limitations for undocumented young immigrants\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\n<\/header>\n"},"2":{"blockName":"core\/group","attrs":{"templateLock":false,"metadata":{"name":"Article content"},"align":"wide","layout":{"type":"constrained","justifyContent":"center"},"tagName":"div","lock":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","ariaLabel":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[{"blockName":"core\/freeform","attrs":{"content":"","lock":[],"metadata":[]},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n\t\t<p>Undocumented young immigrants covered by the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) policy have seen a rise in social mobility since entering the program, according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/immigrationinitiative.harvard.edu\/files\/hii\/files\/final_daca_report.pdf\">new report<\/a> by the Immigration Initiative at Harvard. Co-authored by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gse.harvard.edu\/faculty\/roberto-gonzales\">Roberto Gonzales<\/a>, professor of education at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gse.harvard.edu\/\">Graduate School of Education<\/a> (HGSE), and researchers Sayil Camacho, Kristina Brant, and Carlos Aguilar, the study arrives as the Supreme Court begins hearings over the fate of the program this week. The Trump administration announced plans to end DACA in 2017, and recipients \u2014 there are more than 800,000 in the program \u2014 sued the government. The Gazette sat down with Gonzales to talk about the report\u2019s findings, DACA\u2019s impact and limitations, and why he thinks it should be kept and expanded.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Q&amp;A<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Roberto Gonzales<\/h3>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong><\/strong> Your group followed young undocumented immigrants in DACA, the program that shields them from deportation, for seven years. What was the goal of your study?<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong> When President [Barack] Obama announced DACA in 2012, I was at the tail end of a 12-year study following a group of undocumented young adults in Los Angeles. I had spent so much time thinking about how undocumented status thwarted the aspirations and trajectories of these young people, so I jumped at the chance to study the effects of a policy seeking to remedy some of the issues that had narrowly circumscribed their young lives. Simply put, our DACA research sought to understand how young adults were experiencing this new status and how other contexts in their lives were mediating this status. So, we carried out a national survey of young people eligible for the program in 2013, surveying nearly 2,700 respondents. Then we carried out case studies in six U.S. states, and interviewed 408 DACA beneficiaries in 2015, 2016, and then again in 2019.<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong><\/strong> And you found that the impact of DACA was overwhelmingly positive. What have been the outcomes in terms of higher education and employment?<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n\t\t<p>Undocumented young immigrants covered by the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) policy have seen a rise in social mobility since entering the program, according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/immigrationinitiative.harvard.edu\/files\/hii\/files\/final_daca_report.pdf\">new report<\/a> by the Immigration Initiative at Harvard. Co-authored by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gse.harvard.edu\/faculty\/roberto-gonzales\">Roberto Gonzales<\/a>, professor of education at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gse.harvard.edu\/\">Graduate School of Education<\/a> (HGSE), and researchers Sayil Camacho, Kristina Brant, and Carlos Aguilar, the study arrives as the Supreme Court begins hearings over the fate of the program this week. The Trump administration announced plans to end DACA in 2017, and recipients \u2014 there are more than 800,000 in the program \u2014 sued the government. The Gazette sat down with Gonzales to talk about the report\u2019s findings, DACA\u2019s impact and limitations, and why he thinks it should be kept and expanded.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Q&amp;A<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Roberto Gonzales<\/h3>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong><\/strong> Your group followed young undocumented immigrants in DACA, the program that shields them from deportation, for seven years. What was the goal of your study?<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong> When President [Barack] Obama announced DACA in 2012, I was at the tail end of a 12-year study following a group of undocumented young adults in Los Angeles. I had spent so much time thinking about how undocumented status thwarted the aspirations and trajectories of these young people, so I jumped at the chance to study the effects of a policy seeking to remedy some of the issues that had narrowly circumscribed their young lives. Simply put, our DACA research sought to understand how young adults were experiencing this new status and how other contexts in their lives were mediating this status. So, we carried out a national survey of young people eligible for the program in 2013, surveying nearly 2,700 respondents. Then we carried out case studies in six U.S. states, and interviewed 408 DACA beneficiaries in 2015, 2016, and then again in 2019.<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong><\/strong> And you found that the impact of DACA was overwhelmingly positive. What have been the outcomes in terms of higher education and employment?<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n\t\t<p>Undocumented young immigrants covered by the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) policy have seen a rise in social mobility since entering the program, according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/immigrationinitiative.harvard.edu\/files\/hii\/files\/final_daca_report.pdf\">new report<\/a> by the Immigration Initiative at Harvard. Co-authored by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gse.harvard.edu\/faculty\/roberto-gonzales\">Roberto Gonzales<\/a>, professor of education at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gse.harvard.edu\/\">Graduate School of Education<\/a> (HGSE), and researchers Sayil Camacho, Kristina Brant, and Carlos Aguilar, the study arrives as the Supreme Court begins hearings over the fate of the program this week. The Trump administration announced plans to end DACA in 2017, and recipients \u2014 there are more than 800,000 in the program \u2014 sued the government. The Gazette sat down with Gonzales to talk about the report\u2019s findings, DACA\u2019s impact and limitations, and why he thinks it should be kept and expanded.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Q&amp;A<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Roberto Gonzales<\/h3>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong><\/strong> Your group followed young undocumented immigrants in DACA, the program that shields them from deportation, for seven years. What was the goal of your study?<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong> When President [Barack] Obama announced DACA in 2012, I was at the tail end of a 12-year study following a group of undocumented young adults in Los Angeles. I had spent so much time thinking about how undocumented status thwarted the aspirations and trajectories of these young people, so I jumped at the chance to study the effects of a policy seeking to remedy some of the issues that had narrowly circumscribed their young lives. Simply put, our DACA research sought to understand how young adults were experiencing this new status and how other contexts in their lives were mediating this status. So, we carried out a national survey of young people eligible for the program in 2013, surveying nearly 2,700 respondents. Then we carried out case studies in six U.S. states, and interviewed 408 DACA beneficiaries in 2015, 2016, and then again in 2019.<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong><\/strong> And you found that the impact of DACA was overwhelmingly positive. What have been the outcomes in terms of higher education and employment?<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"harvard-gazette\/supporting-content","attrs":{"id":"0577b051-7dad-4b6a-ae24-303f33e89b88","align":"left","allowedBlocks":[],"style":[],"lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":""},"innerBlocks":[{"blockName":"harvard-gazette\/featured-articles","attrs":{"autoGenerate":false,"className":"is-style-grid-list","inPostContent":true,"numberOfPosts":4,"postIds":[291382,275144,238988,217687],"showExcerpt":false,"title":"More like this","category":"","carouselOnDesktop":false,"isEditor":false,"linkText":"See all book reviews","passPostIds":false,"postOverrides":[],"postTypeOverride":"post","receivePostIds":false,"series":"","showCategory":true,"showDate":true,"gridColumns":2,"showDropShadow":false,"showFormat":true,"showImage":true,"showImageZoom":false,"showSeries":true,"showReadMore":true,"showReadTime":true,"tags":[],"useCurrentTerm":false,"lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","style":[]},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"","innerContent":[],"rendered":"\n\t<div class=\"featured-articles is-post-type-post is-style-grid-list\"  style=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"featured-articles__title wp-block-heading\">More like this<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"featured-articles__list \">\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"People holding hands over posters\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=1680,1050 1680w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/campus-community\/\">\n\t\t\tCampus &amp; Community\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/11\/at-harvard-hundreds-rally-to-defend-daca\/\">Hundreds rally to defend DACA<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time class=\"featured-article__date\" datetime=\"2019-11-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNovember 12, 2019\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"Roberto Gonzales gives presentation at podium.\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=1680,1050 1680w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/campus-community\/\">\n\t\t\tCampus &amp; Community\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/05\/harvard-professor-community-mentors-make-difference-for-daca-recipients\/\">Mentors make the difference<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time class=\"featured-article__date\" datetime=\"2019-05-15\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMay 15, 2019\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t6 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=1680,1050 1680w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/nation-world\/\">\n\t\t\tNation &amp; World\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2018\/02\/a-harvard-discussion-series-highlights-the-concerns-of-daca-students\/\">Concern over a DACA deadline<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time class=\"featured-article__date\" datetime=\"2018-02-23\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFebruary 23, 2018\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t8 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/091517_hksdaca_012_605.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/nation-world\/\">\n\t\t\tNation &amp; World\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2017\/09\/on-daca-panel-finds-more-questions-than-answers\/\">On DACA, questions top answers<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time class=\"featured-article__date\" datetime=\"2017-09-18\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSeptember 18, 2017\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t5 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t"}],"innerHTML":"<div class=\"wp-block-harvard-gazette-supporting-content alignleft supporting-content\" id=\"supporting-content-0577b051-7dad-4b6a-ae24-303f33e89b88\"><\/div>","innerContent":["<div class=\"wp-block-harvard-gazette-supporting-content alignleft supporting-content\" id=\"supporting-content-0577b051-7dad-4b6a-ae24-303f33e89b88\">","<\/div>"],"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-harvard-gazette-supporting-content alignleft supporting-content\" id=\"supporting-content-0577b051-7dad-4b6a-ae24-303f33e89b88\">\n\t<div class=\"featured-articles is-post-type-post is-style-grid-list\"  style=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"featured-articles__title wp-block-heading\">More like this<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"featured-articles__list \">\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"People holding hands over posters\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=1680,1050 1680w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/campus-community\/\">\n\t\t\tCampus &amp; Community\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/11\/at-harvard-hundreds-rally-to-defend-daca\/\">Hundreds rally to defend DACA<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time class=\"featured-article__date\" datetime=\"2019-11-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNovember 12, 2019\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"Roberto Gonzales gives presentation at podium.\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=1680,1050 1680w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/campus-community\/\">\n\t\t\tCampus &amp; Community\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/05\/harvard-professor-community-mentors-make-difference-for-daca-recipients\/\">Mentors make the difference<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time class=\"featured-article__date\" datetime=\"2019-05-15\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMay 15, 2019\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t6 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=1680,1050 1680w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/nation-world\/\">\n\t\t\tNation &amp; World\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2018\/02\/a-harvard-discussion-series-highlights-the-concerns-of-daca-students\/\">Concern over a DACA deadline<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time class=\"featured-article__date\" datetime=\"2018-02-23\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFebruary 23, 2018\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t8 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/091517_hksdaca_012_605.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/nation-world\/\">\n\t\t\tNation &amp; World\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2017\/09\/on-daca-panel-finds-more-questions-than-answers\/\">On DACA, questions top answers<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time class=\"featured-article__date\" datetime=\"2017-09-18\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSeptember 18, 2017\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t5 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>"},{"blockName":"core\/freeform","attrs":{"content":"","lock":[],"metadata":[]},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\r\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong>\u00a0There are many obvious limitations to an administrative policy that doesn't provide a pathway to legalization and only benefits a small segment of a much larger population. Nevertheless, I would argue that DACA is the most successful policy of immigrant integration in recent decades. In the short term, DACA provided its beneficiaries newfound opportunities to work, drive, establish credit, access health insurance, and enroll in higher education. With work authorization, they felt more confident to make investments in educational and degree programs. Earning higher wages also helped them to better afford postsecondary education. Over time, they were able to turn these opportunities into tangible career opportunities, finding employment that matched their education and credentials. Our respondents pursued careers in medicine, computer science, architecture, and law. They became teachers and social workers. And they pursued academic careers.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>During a Veterans Day <a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/11\/at-harvard-hundreds-rally-to-defend-daca\/\">rally<\/a>, hundreds of Harvard students and others proclaimed their support for DACA safeguards.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong><\/strong> What was the most unexpected finding in your report?<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong>\u00a0In my earlier work on undocumented young adults, the biggest surprise was the health consequences of undocumented status. Almost to a person, my respondents described physical and emotional manifestations of stress. It made very clear to me the strong link between undocumented status and strained well-being. With DACA, our respondents were reporting reduced stress in their daily lives and less fear of authorities. We\u2019ve also seen clear differences shaped by the age at which respondents received DACA, with older respondents employing a \u201cdual frame of reference\u201d \u2014 they were able to assess their lives under DACA by comparing them to their experiences prior to having that status \u2014 and younger respondents who were able to follow more normative adolescent transitions, but were more critical of DACA's limitations.<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong><\/strong> Your study also found that despite the benefits of DACA, its limitations create barriers in the lives of young people. Could you explain what those are and their effects?<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong>\u00a0Some of the more obvious drawbacks to DACA are 1) that it doesn\u2019t provide a pathway to legalization, and 2) that it does not override exclusions from federal financial aid. But another major issue is DACA\u2019s limited reach. More than 800,000 young people have benefited from DACA. But most of these young people are connected to parents and other family members who do not have access to the same protections and access. Many of our respondents have taken on additional responsibilities at home \u2014 driving family members to and from work, taking on extra work in order to contribute more substantially to household expenses. Many of our respondents expressed that they were happy to assume these new roles. Nevertheless, this imbalance in power and access to resources created new strains and burdens for young people, now more strongly tethered to their families.<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong> <\/strong>What kind of future for the more than 800,000 DACA recipients can you envision if DACA is actually terminated? What about the thousands of others who could apply for DACA? What would happen to them?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong> If DACA is eventually terminated without a legislative solution to replace it, it would be a major setback for hundreds of thousands of young people and their families. Over these last seven years, DACA beneficiaries have made tremendous gains in their careers and their well-being. Undoing these gains would have untold consequences on entire communities. For young people who have experienced access to lawful employment, driver\u2019s licenses, and an overall better quality of life, stripping away those rights would be potentially devastating to their mental and emotional well-being. For those coming of age into DACA eligibility \u2014 it is estimated that 125,000 undocumented students reach high school graduation age each year \u2014 those who have seen older siblings and members of their community experience DACA\u2019s benefits, their futures will be limited to the limited benefits their states and counties might generate through local policies.<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong><\/strong> And finally, what are your hopes for the future of DACA as the Supreme Court begins DACA hearings this week?<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong> The Supreme Court is ruling on the legality of the Trump administration\u2019s termination of DACA, not the legality of DACA itself. So, if the Supreme Court rules against the Trump administration and preserves DACA, it could still eventually be terminated. But the timeline would push things into an election year, and that might be enough to extend protections and give Congress more time to find a more permanent solution. That would be the most favorable scenario.<\/p>\n<p><em>This interview has been edited and condensed for clarity and length.<\/em><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\r\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong>\u00a0There are many obvious limitations to an administrative policy that doesn't provide a pathway to legalization and only benefits a small segment of a much larger population. Nevertheless, I would argue that DACA is the most successful policy of immigrant integration in recent decades. In the short term, DACA provided its beneficiaries newfound opportunities to work, drive, establish credit, access health insurance, and enroll in higher education. With work authorization, they felt more confident to make investments in educational and degree programs. Earning higher wages also helped them to better afford postsecondary education. Over time, they were able to turn these opportunities into tangible career opportunities, finding employment that matched their education and credentials. Our respondents pursued careers in medicine, computer science, architecture, and law. They became teachers and social workers. And they pursued academic careers.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>During a Veterans Day <a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/11\/at-harvard-hundreds-rally-to-defend-daca\/\">rally<\/a>, hundreds of Harvard students and others proclaimed their support for DACA safeguards.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong><\/strong> What was the most unexpected finding in your report?<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong>\u00a0In my earlier work on undocumented young adults, the biggest surprise was the health consequences of undocumented status. Almost to a person, my respondents described physical and emotional manifestations of stress. It made very clear to me the strong link between undocumented status and strained well-being. With DACA, our respondents were reporting reduced stress in their daily lives and less fear of authorities. We\u2019ve also seen clear differences shaped by the age at which respondents received DACA, with older respondents employing a \u201cdual frame of reference\u201d \u2014 they were able to assess their lives under DACA by comparing them to their experiences prior to having that status \u2014 and younger respondents who were able to follow more normative adolescent transitions, but were more critical of DACA's limitations.<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong><\/strong> Your study also found that despite the benefits of DACA, its limitations create barriers in the lives of young people. Could you explain what those are and their effects?<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong>\u00a0Some of the more obvious drawbacks to DACA are 1) that it doesn\u2019t provide a pathway to legalization, and 2) that it does not override exclusions from federal financial aid. But another major issue is DACA\u2019s limited reach. More than 800,000 young people have benefited from DACA. But most of these young people are connected to parents and other family members who do not have access to the same protections and access. Many of our respondents have taken on additional responsibilities at home \u2014 driving family members to and from work, taking on extra work in order to contribute more substantially to household expenses. Many of our respondents expressed that they were happy to assume these new roles. Nevertheless, this imbalance in power and access to resources created new strains and burdens for young people, now more strongly tethered to their families.<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong> <\/strong>What kind of future for the more than 800,000 DACA recipients can you envision if DACA is actually terminated? What about the thousands of others who could apply for DACA? What would happen to them?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong> If DACA is eventually terminated without a legislative solution to replace it, it would be a major setback for hundreds of thousands of young people and their families. Over these last seven years, DACA beneficiaries have made tremendous gains in their careers and their well-being. Undoing these gains would have untold consequences on entire communities. For young people who have experienced access to lawful employment, driver\u2019s licenses, and an overall better quality of life, stripping away those rights would be potentially devastating to their mental and emotional well-being. For those coming of age into DACA eligibility \u2014 it is estimated that 125,000 undocumented students reach high school graduation age each year \u2014 those who have seen older siblings and members of their community experience DACA\u2019s benefits, their futures will be limited to the limited benefits their states and counties might generate through local policies.<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong><\/strong> And finally, what are your hopes for the future of DACA as the Supreme Court begins DACA hearings this week?<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong> The Supreme Court is ruling on the legality of the Trump administration\u2019s termination of DACA, not the legality of DACA itself. So, if the Supreme Court rules against the Trump administration and preserves DACA, it could still eventually be terminated. But the timeline would push things into an election year, and that might be enough to extend protections and give Congress more time to find a more permanent solution. That would be the most favorable scenario.<\/p>\n<p><em>This interview has been edited and condensed for clarity and length.<\/em><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\r\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong>\u00a0There are many obvious limitations to an administrative policy that doesn't provide a pathway to legalization and only benefits a small segment of a much larger population. Nevertheless, I would argue that DACA is the most successful policy of immigrant integration in recent decades. In the short term, DACA provided its beneficiaries newfound opportunities to work, drive, establish credit, access health insurance, and enroll in higher education. With work authorization, they felt more confident to make investments in educational and degree programs. Earning higher wages also helped them to better afford postsecondary education. Over time, they were able to turn these opportunities into tangible career opportunities, finding employment that matched their education and credentials. Our respondents pursued careers in medicine, computer science, architecture, and law. They became teachers and social workers. And they pursued academic careers.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>During a Veterans Day <a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/11\/at-harvard-hundreds-rally-to-defend-daca\/\">rally<\/a>, hundreds of Harvard students and others proclaimed their support for DACA safeguards.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong><\/strong> What was the most unexpected finding in your report?<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong>\u00a0In my earlier work on undocumented young adults, the biggest surprise was the health consequences of undocumented status. Almost to a person, my respondents described physical and emotional manifestations of stress. It made very clear to me the strong link between undocumented status and strained well-being. With DACA, our respondents were reporting reduced stress in their daily lives and less fear of authorities. We\u2019ve also seen clear differences shaped by the age at which respondents received DACA, with older respondents employing a \u201cdual frame of reference\u201d \u2014 they were able to assess their lives under DACA by comparing them to their experiences prior to having that status \u2014 and younger respondents who were able to follow more normative adolescent transitions, but were more critical of DACA's limitations.<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong><\/strong> Your study also found that despite the benefits of DACA, its limitations create barriers in the lives of young people. Could you explain what those are and their effects?<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong>\u00a0Some of the more obvious drawbacks to DACA are 1) that it doesn\u2019t provide a pathway to legalization, and 2) that it does not override exclusions from federal financial aid. But another major issue is DACA\u2019s limited reach. More than 800,000 young people have benefited from DACA. But most of these young people are connected to parents and other family members who do not have access to the same protections and access. Many of our respondents have taken on additional responsibilities at home \u2014 driving family members to and from work, taking on extra work in order to contribute more substantially to household expenses. Many of our respondents expressed that they were happy to assume these new roles. Nevertheless, this imbalance in power and access to resources created new strains and burdens for young people, now more strongly tethered to their families.<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong> <\/strong>What kind of future for the more than 800,000 DACA recipients can you envision if DACA is actually terminated? What about the thousands of others who could apply for DACA? What would happen to them?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong> If DACA is eventually terminated without a legislative solution to replace it, it would be a major setback for hundreds of thousands of young people and their families. Over these last seven years, DACA beneficiaries have made tremendous gains in their careers and their well-being. Undoing these gains would have untold consequences on entire communities. For young people who have experienced access to lawful employment, driver\u2019s licenses, and an overall better quality of life, stripping away those rights would be potentially devastating to their mental and emotional well-being. For those coming of age into DACA eligibility \u2014 it is estimated that 125,000 undocumented students reach high school graduation age each year \u2014 those who have seen older siblings and members of their community experience DACA\u2019s benefits, their futures will be limited to the limited benefits their states and counties might generate through local policies.<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong><\/strong> And finally, what are your hopes for the future of DACA as the Supreme Court begins DACA hearings this week?<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong> The Supreme Court is ruling on the legality of the Trump administration\u2019s termination of DACA, not the legality of DACA itself. So, if the Supreme Court rules against the Trump administration and preserves DACA, it could still eventually be terminated. But the timeline would push things into an election year, and that might be enough to extend protections and give Congress more time to find a more permanent solution. That would be the most favorable scenario.<\/p>\n<p><em>This interview has been edited and condensed for clarity and length.<\/em><\/p>\n"}],"innerHTML":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide\">\n\n\r\n\r\n\n\n<\/div>\n","innerContent":["\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide\">\n\n","\r\n","\r\n","\n\n<\/div>\n"],"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n\n\n\t\t<p>Undocumented young immigrants covered by the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) policy have seen a rise in social mobility since entering the program, according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/immigrationinitiative.harvard.edu\/files\/hii\/files\/final_daca_report.pdf\">new report<\/a> by the Immigration Initiative at Harvard. Co-authored by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gse.harvard.edu\/faculty\/roberto-gonzales\">Roberto Gonzales<\/a>, professor of education at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gse.harvard.edu\/\">Graduate School of Education<\/a> (HGSE), and researchers Sayil Camacho, Kristina Brant, and Carlos Aguilar, the study arrives as the Supreme Court begins hearings over the fate of the program this week. The Trump administration announced plans to end DACA in 2017, and recipients \u2014 there are more than 800,000 in the program \u2014 sued the government. The Gazette sat down with Gonzales to talk about the report\u2019s findings, DACA\u2019s impact and limitations, and why he thinks it should be kept and expanded.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Q&amp;A<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Roberto Gonzales<\/h3>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong><\/strong> Your group followed young undocumented immigrants in DACA, the program that shields them from deportation, for seven years. What was the goal of your study?<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong> When President [Barack] Obama announced DACA in 2012, I was at the tail end of a 12-year study following a group of undocumented young adults in Los Angeles. I had spent so much time thinking about how undocumented status thwarted the aspirations and trajectories of these young people, so I jumped at the chance to study the effects of a policy seeking to remedy some of the issues that had narrowly circumscribed their young lives. Simply put, our DACA research sought to understand how young adults were experiencing this new status and how other contexts in their lives were mediating this status. So, we carried out a national survey of young people eligible for the program in 2013, surveying nearly 2,700 respondents. Then we carried out case studies in six U.S. states, and interviewed 408 DACA beneficiaries in 2015, 2016, and then again in 2019.<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong><\/strong> And you found that the impact of DACA was overwhelmingly positive. What have been the outcomes in terms of higher education and employment?<\/p>\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-harvard-gazette-supporting-content alignleft supporting-content\" id=\"supporting-content-0577b051-7dad-4b6a-ae24-303f33e89b88\">\n\t<div class=\"featured-articles is-post-type-post is-style-grid-list\"  style=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"featured-articles__title wp-block-heading\">More like this<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"featured-articles__list \">\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"People holding hands over posters\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=1680,1050 1680w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/campus-community\/\">\n\t\t\tCampus &amp; Community\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/11\/at-harvard-hundreds-rally-to-defend-daca\/\">Hundreds rally to defend DACA<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time class=\"featured-article__date\" datetime=\"2019-11-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNovember 12, 2019\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"Roberto Gonzales gives presentation at podium.\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=1680,1050 1680w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/campus-community\/\">\n\t\t\tCampus &amp; Community\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/05\/harvard-professor-community-mentors-make-difference-for-daca-recipients\/\">Mentors make the difference<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time class=\"featured-article__date\" datetime=\"2019-05-15\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMay 15, 2019\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t6 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=608,380 608w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=784,490 784w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=1200,750 1200w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=1488,930 1488w, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=1680,1050 1680w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/nation-world\/\">\n\t\t\tNation &amp; World\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2018\/02\/a-harvard-discussion-series-highlights-the-concerns-of-daca-students\/\">Concern over a DACA deadline<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time class=\"featured-article__date\" datetime=\"2018-02-23\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFebruary 23, 2018\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t8 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<li class=\"featured-article \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"featured-article__image\">\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/091517_hksdaca_012_605.jpg?resize=1200%2C750\" class=\"attachment-large-landscape-desktop size-large-landscape-desktop\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"featured-article__category\" href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/nation-world\/\">\n\t\t\tNation &amp; World\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"featured-article__title wp-block-heading \"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2017\/09\/on-daca-panel-finds-more-questions-than-answers\/\">On DACA, questions top answers<\/a><\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-article__meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time class=\"featured-article__date\" datetime=\"2017-09-18\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSeptember 18, 2017\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"featured-article__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t5 min read\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong>\u00a0There are many obvious limitations to an administrative policy that doesn't provide a pathway to legalization and only benefits a small segment of a much larger population. Nevertheless, I would argue that DACA is the most successful policy of immigrant integration in recent decades. In the short term, DACA provided its beneficiaries newfound opportunities to work, drive, establish credit, access health insurance, and enroll in higher education. With work authorization, they felt more confident to make investments in educational and degree programs. Earning higher wages also helped them to better afford postsecondary education. Over time, they were able to turn these opportunities into tangible career opportunities, finding employment that matched their education and credentials. Our respondents pursued careers in medicine, computer science, architecture, and law. They became teachers and social workers. And they pursued academic careers.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>During a Veterans Day <a href=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/11\/at-harvard-hundreds-rally-to-defend-daca\/\">rally<\/a>, hundreds of Harvard students and others proclaimed their support for DACA safeguards.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong><\/strong> What was the most unexpected finding in your report?<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong>\u00a0In my earlier work on undocumented young adults, the biggest surprise was the health consequences of undocumented status. Almost to a person, my respondents described physical and emotional manifestations of stress. It made very clear to me the strong link between undocumented status and strained well-being. With DACA, our respondents were reporting reduced stress in their daily lives and less fear of authorities. We\u2019ve also seen clear differences shaped by the age at which respondents received DACA, with older respondents employing a \u201cdual frame of reference\u201d \u2014 they were able to assess their lives under DACA by comparing them to their experiences prior to having that status \u2014 and younger respondents who were able to follow more normative adolescent transitions, but were more critical of DACA's limitations.<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong><\/strong> Your study also found that despite the benefits of DACA, its limitations create barriers in the lives of young people. Could you explain what those are and their effects?<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong>\u00a0Some of the more obvious drawbacks to DACA are 1) that it doesn\u2019t provide a pathway to legalization, and 2) that it does not override exclusions from federal financial aid. But another major issue is DACA\u2019s limited reach. More than 800,000 young people have benefited from DACA. But most of these young people are connected to parents and other family members who do not have access to the same protections and access. Many of our respondents have taken on additional responsibilities at home \u2014 driving family members to and from work, taking on extra work in order to contribute more substantially to household expenses. Many of our respondents expressed that they were happy to assume these new roles. Nevertheless, this imbalance in power and access to resources created new strains and burdens for young people, now more strongly tethered to their families.<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong> <\/strong>What kind of future for the more than 800,000 DACA recipients can you envision if DACA is actually terminated? What about the thousands of others who could apply for DACA? What would happen to them?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong> If DACA is eventually terminated without a legislative solution to replace it, it would be a major setback for hundreds of thousands of young people and their families. Over these last seven years, DACA beneficiaries have made tremendous gains in their careers and their well-being. Undoing these gains would have untold consequences on entire communities. For young people who have experienced access to lawful employment, driver\u2019s licenses, and an overall better quality of life, stripping away those rights would be potentially devastating to their mental and emotional well-being. For those coming of age into DACA eligibility \u2014 it is estimated that 125,000 undocumented students reach high school graduation age each year \u2014 those who have seen older siblings and members of their community experience DACA\u2019s benefits, their futures will be limited to the limited benefits their states and counties might generate through local policies.<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>GAZETTE:<\/strong><\/strong> And finally, what are your hopes for the future of DACA as the Supreme Court begins DACA hearings this week?<\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>gonzales:<\/strong><\/strong> The Supreme Court is ruling on the legality of the Trump administration\u2019s termination of DACA, not the legality of DACA itself. So, if the Supreme Court rules against the Trump administration and preserves DACA, it could still eventually be terminated. But the timeline would push things into an election year, and that might be enough to extend protections and give Congress more time to find a more permanent solution. That would be the most favorable scenario.<\/p>\n<p><em>This interview has been edited and condensed for clarity and length.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n"}},"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":275144,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/05\/harvard-professor-community-mentors-make-difference-for-daca-recipients\/","url_meta":{"origin":291374,"position":0},"title":"Mentors make the difference","author":"Lian Parsons","date":"May 15, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Over seven years, Professor of Education Roberto Gonzales interviewed thousands of undocumented young people who qualified for deferred action from deportation under DACA, and found that for high achievers among them, community and family mentors made the difference.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Campus &amp; Community&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Campus &amp; Community","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/campus-community\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Roberto Gonzales gives presentation at podium.","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/042419_Ed_Portal_0688_2500.jpg?resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":291382,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2019\/11\/at-harvard-hundreds-rally-to-defend-daca\/","url_meta":{"origin":291374,"position":1},"title":"Hundreds rally to defend DACA","author":"Lian Parsons","date":"November 12, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"A crowd of 250 students, faculty, and staff gathered on the steps of Harvard\u2019s Memorial Church on Veterans Day for a Defend DACA rally that was part of a nationwide student walkout.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Campus &amp; Community&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Campus &amp; Community","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/campus-community\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"People holding hands over posters","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/111119_DACA_rally_0291_2500.jpg?resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":217687,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2017\/09\/on-daca-panel-finds-more-questions-than-answers\/","url_meta":{"origin":291374,"position":2},"title":"On DACA, questions top answers","author":"gazettejohnbaglione","date":"September 18, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"When it comes to DACA, panelists say, the road ahead still promises more questions than answers.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Nation &amp; World&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Nation &amp; World","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/nation-world\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/091517_hksdaca_012_605.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/091517_hksdaca_012_605.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/091517_hksdaca_012_605.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":238988,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2018\/02\/a-harvard-discussion-series-highlights-the-concerns-of-daca-students\/","url_meta":{"origin":291374,"position":3},"title":"Concern over a DACA deadline","author":"gazettejohnbaglione","date":"February 23, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"An interview with Graduate School of Education Professor Roberto Gonzales, one of the organizers of the DACA seminar, a series of events that highlight diverse facets of immigration involving students.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Nation &amp; World&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Nation &amp; World","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/nation-world\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/020918_gonzales_0714-scaled.jpg?resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":239918,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2018\/03\/at-harvard-a-celebration-of-immigration\/","url_meta":{"origin":291374,"position":4},"title":"A celebration of immigration","author":"gazettejohnbaglione","date":"March 6, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"The DACA seminar, a series of events highlighting diverse facets of immigration, held \"A Day of Hope & Resistance,\" with workshops led by artists, poets, and musicians.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Nation &amp; World&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Nation &amp; World","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/nation-world\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/030518_daca_017_2500.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/030518_daca_017_2500.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/030518_daca_017_2500.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/030518_daca_017_2500.jpg?resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":238112,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2018\/02\/harvards-dreamers-have-their-say\/","url_meta":{"origin":291374,"position":5},"title":"Harvard\u2019s Dreamers have their say","author":"gazettejohnbaglione","date":"February 8, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"As part of the DACA seminar series highlighting diverse facets of immigration, five undocumented students at Harvard spoke about how they navigate elite academic spaces amid fears of deportation.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Nation &amp; 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