{"id":172559,"date":"2015-08-07T16:27:41","date_gmt":"2015-08-07T20:27:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/webadmin.news-harvard.go-vip.net\/gazette\/gazette\/?p=172559"},"modified":"2019-03-08T13:36:54","modified_gmt":"2019-03-08T18:36:54","slug":"a-hard-look-at-wars-reparations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2015\/08\/a-hard-look-at-wars-reparations\/","title":{"rendered":"A hard look at war\u2019s reparations"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\t
\"\"

A Harvard report on Colombia's reparations program caught the eye of President Juan Manuel Santos, who asked Kathryn Sikkink and Phuong Pham (second and third from left) to present their findings. Douglas Johnson, director of the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy, was the third member of the fact-finding team.<\/p>

Photo courtesy of Oficina de Fotografia of the Presidencia de la Republica<\/p><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\t

\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tNation & World\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t

\n\t\tA hard look at war\u2019s reparations\t<\/h1>\n\n\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\tAlvin Powell\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t

\n\t\t\tHarvard Staff Writer\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/address>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t

\n\t\t\tHarvard study examines massive program to compensate victims of Colombia\u2019s internal strife\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\n<\/header>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\t\t

A program to help Colombian citizens heal from the murder, kidnapping, and violence of that country\u2019s long-running civil war is the most ambitious of its kind, a new Harvard analysis says, but it\u2019s so big that there are serious questions about whether it can reach its goals.<\/p>\n

The program seeks to compensate between 5.2 million and 7 million people \u2014 11 to 15 percent of the nation\u2019s population \u2014 for harm suffered since the civil war began in 1964. So far, some 5.2 million people have registered with the program, and 400,000 have received reparations.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe were really not aware of how exceptional it is,\u201d said Kathryn Sikkink, the Ryan Family Professor of Human Rights Policy at the Harvard Kennedy School<\/a> (HKS). \u201cJust on scale alone, it\u2019s off the charts.\u201d<\/p>\n

While Sikkink and colleagues expressed admiration for the program\u2019s ambition and the speed with which it has ramped up from a staff of two or three in 2013 to 5,000 today, they also expressed doubt whether it was robust enough, and would have the resources, to compensate everyone who qualifies by the time the reparations law expires in 2021.<\/p>\n

\u201cI think in terms of getting people to register for reparations, it\u2019s been a huge success. The caveat is whether they will be successful in carrying it out by 2021,\u201d said Phuong Pham<\/a>, an assistant professor of medicine who is a research scientist at the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative<\/a>, and who worked on the report.<\/p>\n

The report was drafted by a team made up of Sikkink, Pham, Assistant Professor of Medicine Patrick Vinck, and Douglas Johnson<\/a>, director of the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy<\/a>. Each took the lead on a major section, with Sikkink conducting a comparative analysis of \u201ctransitional justice\u201d programs in 31 other countries, Pham conducting survey research to see how the program is being received by the population and those it seeks to serve, and Johnson providing an analysis to offer advice on how the program can achieve its aims.<\/p>\n

Their work caught the eye of Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos, an HKS alumnus who was re-elected recently at least partly on the strength of his peace-making efforts. The reparations program has figured in negotiations with the largest rebel group, FARC, and Santos asked Sikkink and Pham to travel to Colombia in June to present their findings.<\/p>\n

\u201cThat\u2019s the best we can hope for from any research, that somebody takes some action based on it,\u201d Pham said.<\/p>\n

Colombia\u2019s civil war, the last in Latin America and one of the longest in the world today, dates at least to the 1960s. The conflict has cost hundreds of thousands of lives, displaced millions, and involved several armed groups. Peace, Sikkink said, would be a major advance not just for Colombia, but for the world.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A Harvard study of Colombia\u2019s civil war reparations program says it is the largest of its kind and well-received by the population, but may be too big for its own good.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":105622744,"featured_media":172561,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"gz_ga_pageviews":11,"gz_ga_lastupdated":"2017-08-18 07:39","document_color_palette":"crimson","author":"Alvin Powell","affiliation":"Harvard Staff 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Douglas Johnson, director of the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy, was the third member of the fact-finding team.<\/p><p class=\"wp-element-caption--credit\">Photo courtesy of Oficina de Fotografia of the Presidencia de la Republica<\/p><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","innerContent":["<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" height=\"403\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/reunionvictimas01eh_605.jpg\" width=\"605\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><p class=\"wp-element-caption--caption\">A Harvard report on Colombia's reparations program caught the eye of President Juan Manuel Santos, who asked Kathryn Sikkink and Phuong Pham (second and third from left) to present their findings. Douglas Johnson, director of the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy, was the third member of the fact-finding team.<\/p><p class=\"wp-element-caption--credit\">Photo courtesy of Oficina de Fotografia of the Presidencia de la Republica<\/p><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"],"rendered":"<header\n\tclass=\"wp-block-harvard-gazette-article-header alignfull article-header is-style-full-width-text-below centered-image\"\n\tstyle=\" \"\n>\n\t<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img alt=\"\" height=\"403\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/reunionvictimas01eh_605.jpg\" width=\"605\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><p class=\"wp-element-caption--caption\">A Harvard report on Colombia's reparations program caught the eye of President Juan Manuel Santos, who asked Kathryn Sikkink and Phuong Pham (second and third from left) to present their findings. Douglas Johnson, director of the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy, was the third member of the fact-finding team.<\/p><p class=\"wp-element-caption--credit\">Photo courtesy of Oficina de Fotografia of the Presidencia de la Republica<\/p><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\t<div class=\"article-header__content\">\n\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\tclass=\"article-header__category\"\n\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/nation-world\/\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\tNation & World\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t<h1 class=\"article-header__title wp-block-heading \">\n\t\tA hard look at war\u2019s reparations\t<\/h1>\n\n\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<div class=\"article-header__meta\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-post-author\">\n\t\t\t<address class=\"wp-block-post-author__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"author wp-block-post-author__name\">\n\t\tAlvin Powell\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-post-author__byline\">\n\t\t\tHarvard Staff Writer\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/address>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<time class=\"article-header__date\" datetime=\"2015-08-07\">\n\t\t\tAugust 7, 2015\t\t<\/time>\n\n\t\t<span class=\"article-header__reading-time\">\n\t\t\t3 min read\t\t<\/span>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"article-header__subheading wp-block-heading\">\n\t\t\tHarvard study examines massive program to compensate victims of Colombia\u2019s internal strife\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\n<\/header>\n"},"2":{"blockName":"core\/group","attrs":{"templateLock":false,"metadata":{"name":"Article content"},"align":"wide","layout":{"type":"constrained","justifyContent":"center"},"tagName":"div","lock":[],"className":"","style":[],"backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","ariaLabel":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[{"blockName":"core\/freeform","attrs":{"content":"","lock":[],"metadata":[]},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n\t\t<p>A program to help Colombian citizens heal from the murder, kidnapping, and violence of that country\u2019s long-running civil war is the most ambitious of its kind, a new Harvard analysis says, but it\u2019s so big that there are serious questions about whether it can reach its goals.<\/p>\n<p>The program seeks to compensate between 5.2 million and 7 million people \u2014 11 to 15 percent of the nation\u2019s population \u2014 for harm suffered since the civil war began in 1964. So far, some 5.2 million people have registered with the program, and 400,000 have received reparations.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe were really not aware of how exceptional it is,\u201d said Kathryn Sikkink, the Ryan Family Professor of Human Rights Policy at the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hks.harvard.edu\">Harvard Kennedy School<\/a> (HKS). \u201cJust on scale alone, it\u2019s off the charts.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>While Sikkink and colleagues expressed admiration for the program\u2019s ambition and the speed with which it has ramped up from a staff of two or three in 2013 to 5,000 today, they also expressed doubt whether it was robust enough, and would have the resources, to compensate everyone who qualifies by the time the reparations law expires in 2021.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI think in terms of getting people to register for reparations, it\u2019s been a huge success. The caveat is whether they will be successful in carrying it out by 2021,\u201d said <a href=\"http:\/\/hhi.harvard.edu\/people\/phuong-pham\">Phuong Pham<\/a>, an assistant professor of medicine who is a research scientist at the <a href=\"https:\/\/hhi.harvard.edu\">Harvard Humanitarian Initiative<\/a>, and who worked on the report.<\/p>\n<p>The report was drafted by a team made up of Sikkink, Pham, Assistant Professor of Medicine Patrick Vinck, and <a href=\"http:\/\/carrcenter.hks.harvard.edu\/people\/douglas-johnson\">Douglas Johnson<\/a>, director of the <a href=\"http:\/\/carrcenter.hks.harvard.edu\">Carr Center for Human Rights Policy<\/a>. Each took the lead on a major section, with Sikkink conducting a comparative analysis of \u201ctransitional justice\u201d programs in 31 other countries, Pham conducting survey research to see how the program is being received by the population and those it seeks to serve, and Johnson providing an analysis to offer advice on how the program can achieve its aims.<\/p>\n<p>Their work caught the eye of Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos, an HKS alumnus who was re-elected recently at least partly on the strength of his peace-making efforts. The reparations program has figured in negotiations with the largest rebel group, FARC, and Santos asked Sikkink and Pham to travel to Colombia in June to present their findings.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThat\u2019s the best we can hope for from any research, that somebody takes some action based on it,\u201d Pham said.<\/p>\n<p>Colombia\u2019s civil war, the last in Latin America and one of the longest in the world today, dates at least to the 1960s. The conflict has cost hundreds of thousands of lives, displaced millions, and involved several armed groups. Peace, Sikkink said, would be a major advance not just for Colombia, but for the world.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n\t\t<p>A program to help Colombian citizens heal from the murder, kidnapping, and violence of that country\u2019s long-running civil war is the most ambitious of its kind, a new Harvard analysis says, but it\u2019s so big that there are serious questions about whether it can reach its goals.<\/p>\n<p>The program seeks to compensate between 5.2 million and 7 million people \u2014 11 to 15 percent of the nation\u2019s population \u2014 for harm suffered since the civil war began in 1964. So far, some 5.2 million people have registered with the program, and 400,000 have received reparations.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe were really not aware of how exceptional it is,\u201d said Kathryn Sikkink, the Ryan Family Professor of Human Rights Policy at the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hks.harvard.edu\">Harvard Kennedy School<\/a> (HKS). \u201cJust on scale alone, it\u2019s off the charts.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>While Sikkink and colleagues expressed admiration for the program\u2019s ambition and the speed with which it has ramped up from a staff of two or three in 2013 to 5,000 today, they also expressed doubt whether it was robust enough, and would have the resources, to compensate everyone who qualifies by the time the reparations law expires in 2021.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI think in terms of getting people to register for reparations, it\u2019s been a huge success. The caveat is whether they will be successful in carrying it out by 2021,\u201d said <a href=\"http:\/\/hhi.harvard.edu\/people\/phuong-pham\">Phuong Pham<\/a>, an assistant professor of medicine who is a research scientist at the <a href=\"https:\/\/hhi.harvard.edu\">Harvard Humanitarian Initiative<\/a>, and who worked on the report.<\/p>\n<p>The report was drafted by a team made up of Sikkink, Pham, Assistant Professor of Medicine Patrick Vinck, and <a href=\"http:\/\/carrcenter.hks.harvard.edu\/people\/douglas-johnson\">Douglas Johnson<\/a>, director of the <a href=\"http:\/\/carrcenter.hks.harvard.edu\">Carr Center for Human Rights Policy<\/a>. Each took the lead on a major section, with Sikkink conducting a comparative analysis of \u201ctransitional justice\u201d programs in 31 other countries, Pham conducting survey research to see how the program is being received by the population and those it seeks to serve, and Johnson providing an analysis to offer advice on how the program can achieve its aims.<\/p>\n<p>Their work caught the eye of Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos, an HKS alumnus who was re-elected recently at least partly on the strength of his peace-making efforts. The reparations program has figured in negotiations with the largest rebel group, FARC, and Santos asked Sikkink and Pham to travel to Colombia in June to present their findings.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThat\u2019s the best we can hope for from any research, that somebody takes some action based on it,\u201d Pham said.<\/p>\n<p>Colombia\u2019s civil war, the last in Latin America and one of the longest in the world today, dates at least to the 1960s. The conflict has cost hundreds of thousands of lives, displaced millions, and involved several armed groups. Peace, Sikkink said, would be a major advance not just for Colombia, but for the world.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n\t\t<p>A program to help Colombian citizens heal from the murder, kidnapping, and violence of that country\u2019s long-running civil war is the most ambitious of its kind, a new Harvard analysis says, but it\u2019s so big that there are serious questions about whether it can reach its goals.<\/p>\n<p>The program seeks to compensate between 5.2 million and 7 million people \u2014 11 to 15 percent of the nation\u2019s population \u2014 for harm suffered since the civil war began in 1964. So far, some 5.2 million people have registered with the program, and 400,000 have received reparations.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe were really not aware of how exceptional it is,\u201d said Kathryn Sikkink, the Ryan Family Professor of Human Rights Policy at the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hks.harvard.edu\">Harvard Kennedy School<\/a> (HKS). \u201cJust on scale alone, it\u2019s off the charts.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>While Sikkink and colleagues expressed admiration for the program\u2019s ambition and the speed with which it has ramped up from a staff of two or three in 2013 to 5,000 today, they also expressed doubt whether it was robust enough, and would have the resources, to compensate everyone who qualifies by the time the reparations law expires in 2021.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI think in terms of getting people to register for reparations, it\u2019s been a huge success. The caveat is whether they will be successful in carrying it out by 2021,\u201d said <a href=\"http:\/\/hhi.harvard.edu\/people\/phuong-pham\">Phuong Pham<\/a>, an assistant professor of medicine who is a research scientist at the <a href=\"https:\/\/hhi.harvard.edu\">Harvard Humanitarian Initiative<\/a>, and who worked on the report.<\/p>\n<p>The report was drafted by a team made up of Sikkink, Pham, Assistant Professor of Medicine Patrick Vinck, and <a href=\"http:\/\/carrcenter.hks.harvard.edu\/people\/douglas-johnson\">Douglas Johnson<\/a>, director of the <a href=\"http:\/\/carrcenter.hks.harvard.edu\">Carr Center for Human Rights Policy<\/a>. Each took the lead on a major section, with Sikkink conducting a comparative analysis of \u201ctransitional justice\u201d programs in 31 other countries, Pham conducting survey research to see how the program is being received by the population and those it seeks to serve, and Johnson providing an analysis to offer advice on how the program can achieve its aims.<\/p>\n<p>Their work caught the eye of Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos, an HKS alumnus who was re-elected recently at least partly on the strength of his peace-making efforts. The reparations program has figured in negotiations with the largest rebel group, FARC, and Santos asked Sikkink and Pham to travel to Colombia in June to present their findings.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThat\u2019s the best we can hope for from any research, that somebody takes some action based on it,\u201d Pham said.<\/p>\n<p>Colombia\u2019s civil war, the last in Latin America and one of the longest in the world today, dates at least to the 1960s. The conflict has cost hundreds of thousands of lives, displaced millions, and involved several armed groups. Peace, Sikkink said, would be a major advance not just for Colombia, but for the world.<\/p>\n"}],"innerHTML":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide\">\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n","innerContent":["\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide\">\n\n","\n\n<\/div>\n"],"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n\n\n\t\t<p>A program to help Colombian citizens heal from the murder, kidnapping, and violence of that country\u2019s long-running civil war is the most ambitious of its kind, a new Harvard analysis says, but it\u2019s so big that there are serious questions about whether it can reach its goals.<\/p>\n<p>The program seeks to compensate between 5.2 million and 7 million people \u2014 11 to 15 percent of the nation\u2019s population \u2014 for harm suffered since the civil war began in 1964. So far, some 5.2 million people have registered with the program, and 400,000 have received reparations.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe were really not aware of how exceptional it is,\u201d said Kathryn Sikkink, the Ryan Family Professor of Human Rights Policy at the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hks.harvard.edu\">Harvard Kennedy School<\/a> (HKS). \u201cJust on scale alone, it\u2019s off the charts.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>While Sikkink and colleagues expressed admiration for the program\u2019s ambition and the speed with which it has ramped up from a staff of two or three in 2013 to 5,000 today, they also expressed doubt whether it was robust enough, and would have the resources, to compensate everyone who qualifies by the time the reparations law expires in 2021.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI think in terms of getting people to register for reparations, it\u2019s been a huge success. The caveat is whether they will be successful in carrying it out by 2021,\u201d said <a href=\"http:\/\/hhi.harvard.edu\/people\/phuong-pham\">Phuong Pham<\/a>, an assistant professor of medicine who is a research scientist at the <a href=\"https:\/\/hhi.harvard.edu\">Harvard Humanitarian Initiative<\/a>, and who worked on the report.<\/p>\n<p>The report was drafted by a team made up of Sikkink, Pham, Assistant Professor of Medicine Patrick Vinck, and <a href=\"http:\/\/carrcenter.hks.harvard.edu\/people\/douglas-johnson\">Douglas Johnson<\/a>, director of the <a href=\"http:\/\/carrcenter.hks.harvard.edu\">Carr Center for Human Rights Policy<\/a>. Each took the lead on a major section, with Sikkink conducting a comparative analysis of \u201ctransitional justice\u201d programs in 31 other countries, Pham conducting survey research to see how the program is being received by the population and those it seeks to serve, and Johnson providing an analysis to offer advice on how the program can achieve its aims.<\/p>\n<p>Their work caught the eye of Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos, an HKS alumnus who was re-elected recently at least partly on the strength of his peace-making efforts. The reparations program has figured in negotiations with the largest rebel group, FARC, and Santos asked Sikkink and Pham to travel to Colombia in June to present their findings.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThat\u2019s the best we can hope for from any research, that somebody takes some action based on it,\u201d Pham said.<\/p>\n<p>Colombia\u2019s civil war, the last in Latin America and one of the longest in the world today, dates at least to the 1960s. The conflict has cost hundreds of thousands of lives, displaced millions, and involved several armed groups. Peace, Sikkink said, would be a major advance not just for Colombia, but for the world.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n"}},"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":180183,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2016\/02\/case-for-reparation-gains-international-force\/","url_meta":{"origin":172559,"position":0},"title":"Case for reparation gains international force","author":"harvardgazette","date":"February 25, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Distinguished scholar and activist Sir Hilary Beckles, who is leading the international effort to seek restitution from European nations that engaged in the slave trade in the Caribbean, made the case for reparations during a talk at Harvard Law School this week.","rel":"","context":"In "Nation & World"","block_context":{"text":"Nation & World","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/nation-world\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/sir-beckles605.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/sir-beckles605.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/sir-beckles605.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":326042,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2021\/05\/harvard-panel-reflects-on-the-tulsa-race-massacre\/","url_meta":{"origin":172559,"position":1},"title":"Recalling the Tulsa race massacre, and calling for reparations","author":"Lian Parsons","date":"May 20, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Rights activists and academics remember the Tulsa race massacre of 1921, and focus on what remains to be done.","rel":"","context":"In "Nation & World"","block_context":{"text":"Nation & World","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/nation-world\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Men injured from the 1921 riots in Tulsa.","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tulsaraceriot1921-wounded-pickedup-2500.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tulsaraceriot1921-wounded-pickedup-2500.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tulsaraceriot1921-wounded-pickedup-2500.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tulsaraceriot1921-wounded-pickedup-2500.jpg?resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":399059,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2024\/12\/are-reparations-the-answer\/","url_meta":{"origin":172559,"position":2},"title":"Are reparations the answer?","author":"Nikki Rojas","date":"December 18, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Harvard symposium explores case for restitution to Black Americans legally, economically, ethically","rel":"","context":"In "Nation & World"","block_context":{"text":"Nation & World","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/nation-world\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Marcus Hunter (from left), Daniel Fryer, Christopher Lewis, Debora Spar, Erin Kelly, and James Gibson speaking during the event. Photos of a panel from the CRISES \u201cAre Reparations the Answer?\u201d Conference held in William James Hall B1 at Harvard University. The panel is titled \u201cRedefining Justice: Moral, Ethical, and Political Dilemmas in Addressing Reparations and Racial Justice,\u201d and features Daniel Fryer, Assistant Professor of Law and Philosophy at the University of Michigan, Christopher Lewis, Assistant Professor at Harvard Law School, James Gibson, Sidney W. Souers Professor of Government at Washington University in St. Louis, Debora Spar, Jaime and Josefina Chua Tiampo Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School, and Erin Kelly, Fletcher Professor of Philosophy at Tufts University. Marcus Hunter, Scott Waugh Endowed Chair in the Social Sciences Division, Professor of Sociology & African American Studies at the University of California Los Angeles, is the panel\u2019s discussant.","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/120524_CRISES_0573-copy.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/120524_CRISES_0573-copy.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/120524_CRISES_0573-copy.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/120524_CRISES_0573-copy.jpg?resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":133877,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2013\/03\/the-human-toll-of-war\/","url_meta":{"origin":172559,"position":3},"title":"The human toll of war","author":"harvardgazette","date":"March 27, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Members of human rights organizations gathered at Harvard Law School to reflect on the lasting impact of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.","rel":"","context":"In "Nation & World"","block_context":{"text":"Nation & World","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/nation-world\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/032613_iraq_0290_605.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/032613_iraq_0290_605.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/032613_iraq_0290_605.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":206949,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2003\/04\/returning-plunder-making-reparations\/","url_meta":{"origin":172559,"position":4},"title":"Returning plunder, making reparations:","author":"gazetteimport","date":"April 17, 2003","format":false,"excerpt":"Stuart Eizenstat calls it the greatest robbery in world history - the Nazis theft of money, valuables, artworks, and property from Jews, Catholics, and others during World War II.","rel":"","context":"In "Campus & Community"","block_context":{"text":"Campus & Community","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/campus-community\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":355127,"url":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/story\/2023\/03\/journalist-looks-at-grandparents-role-as-bystanders-in-nazi-germany\/","url_meta":{"origin":172559,"position":5},"title":"Not-so-innocent bystanders","author":"harvardgazette","date":"March 10, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"G\u00e9raldine Schwarz discusses her memoir, \u201cThose Who Forget: My Family\u2019s Story in Nazi Europe,\u201d with Abadir Ibrahim and Cass Sunstein at Harvard Law School event.","rel":"","context":"In "Nation & World"","block_context":{"text":"Nation & World","link":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/section\/nation-world\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"G\u00e9raldine Schwarz","src":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/030723_HLS_001.jpeg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/030723_HLS_001.jpeg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/030723_HLS_001.jpeg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/030723_HLS_001.jpeg?resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/172559","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/105622744"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=172559"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/172559\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":267419,"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/172559\/revisions\/267419"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/172561"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=172559"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=172559"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=172559"},{"taxonomy":"format","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/gazette-formats?post=172559"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.harvard.edu\/gazette\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=172559"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}